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Women's organized movements, propelled by their belief in moral and social progress, were the driving forces behind the temperance movement in the United States at the dawn of the twentieth century. Though still embroiled in the struggle for suffrage, women won a major political victory with the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture and distribution of alcohol. The significance of the legislation, however, extended beyond women's movements (composed largely of white, middle- to upper-class women) and their stated goals. To the temperance reformers, alcohol use led only to abuse and to the destruction of families, but, as several historians have recently pointed out, opponents of this view were a diverse group, as the roles and effects of alcohol consumption varied among regions and communities. Saloons, for instance, may well have been sites of dissolution and debt in some of the towns of the American West, but given the cramped conditions of the tenement quarters in which so many immigrants of the urban Northeast were forced to live, men, women, and even children relied on such locations as social gathering places. Yet even those reformers purporting to act in these very families' interests were generally unable to understand the cultural significance and benefits of alcohol and other so-called vices. Although little evidence supports any anti-immigrant or anti-Catholic constructions of the Prohibition movement, it certainly suffered from a certain myopia towards values outside the particularities of the upper-middle-class, Protestant worldview.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Aexplain why the Prohibition movement failed to achieve its goals
Bdetail the history of women’s temperance movements in the American West
Ccompare the living conditions of urban immigrant and middle-class families in the early twentieth century
Dpoint out the complicated nature of alcohol use and temperance reform in the early twentieth century
Ecounter a traditional view of the role of women in enacting Prohibition

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正确答案: D

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