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Women's organized movements, propelled by their belief in moral and social progress, were the driving forces behind the temperance movement in the United States at the dawn of the twentieth century. Though still embroiled in the struggle for suffrage, women won a major political victory with the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture and distribution of alcohol. The significance of the legislation, however, extended beyond women's movements (composed largely of white, middle- to upper-class women) and their stated goals. To the temperance reformers, alcohol use led only to abuse and to the destruction of families, but, as several historians have recently pointed out, opponents of this view were a diverse group, as the roles and effects of alcohol consumption varied among regions and communities. Saloons, for instance, may well have been sites of dissolution and debt in some of the towns of the American West, but given the cramped conditions of the tenement quarters in which so many immigrants of the urban Northeast were forced to live, men, women, and even children relied on such locations as social gathering places. Yet even those reformers purporting to act in these very families' interests were generally unable to understand the cultural significance and benefits of alcohol and other so-called vices. Although little evidence supports any anti-immigrant or anti-Catholic constructions of the Prohibition movement, it certainly suffered from a certain myopia towards values outside the particularities of the upper-middle-class, Protestant worldview.

According to the passage, one of the major characteristics of women’s reform movements of the early twentieth century was

A
the leveraging of recently-won suffrage rights
B
diverse leadership
C
opposition to the Eighteenth Amendment
D
belief in the equal value of all cultures
E
belief in moral and social progress

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正确答案: E

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