【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】Biologists have advanced two theories to explain w_真题_答案

OG16 - 阅读RC - 3

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Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly widespread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.

Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the spheres of visibility overlap. Thus the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator's chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an area.

However, critics of theory A point out that some fish form schools even in areas where predators are abundant and thus little possibility of escaping detection exists. They argue that the school continues to be of value to its members even after detection. They advocate theory B, the "confusion effect," which can be explained in two different ways.

Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator's preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the "confusion effect" has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator's difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.

According to one explanation of the "confusion effect", a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it

Atends to be visible for no more than 200 meters
Bstays near either the front or the rear of a school
Cis part of a small school rather than a large school
Dis very similar in appearance to the other fish in the school
Eis medium-sized

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正确答案: D

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lzr_ku

把similar看成了smaller。。。

2018-07-28 16:59:15 IP属地：北京举报

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加油加油加油坚持

生物学家提出了两种原理可用来解释为什么很多鱼类都出现群居的现象。【point，2种观点-观点对比题-预判：文章接下来要分别阐述2种观点】因为群居在很多小鱼中是很普遍的，这两种原理都认为群居有利于保护鱼类免受捕食者的伤害. 【阐述1种theory】A观点的赞成者不认为鱼类聚居是容易被发现的。实验表明任何可以被看见的鱼，即使是在很清澈的水里，都只能在直径200米的范围内。当鱼类混居时，视野范围就会重叠。因此捕食者能够找到聚居鱼类的可能性很少（只比捕到单独的鱼高一点）。聚居对于单独的鱼也是有利的，因为一个捕食者能够捕道它（在聚居群中）的几率仅仅很小，比鱼群分散时早到一个群体的几率小得多。【A和B的联系，指出A的缺点，再引出B】转折，theory A的反对者指出一些鱼类甚至在捕食者很多的地方聚居，所以很难逃出捕食者的追捕（这个可能性也存在）。他们认为聚居也是有价值的，‘捕食者察觉’后，可以保护到

2020-05-25 13:16:03 IP属地：局域网举报

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加油加油加油坚持回复加油加油加油坚持

可以保护到一些鱼类。这些人支持的B观点-condusion effect- 混乱影响‘，这个effect可以通过2种方式来解释。有时候，赞成者认为不是指不能决定要去攻击哪一条鱼，这种犹豫不决是因为捕食者偏向于追捕一些外貌与聚居中鱼类不同的猎物，在大多数聚居中，鱼类在外观上一般都是相同的，这使得捕食者很难选择。第二种解释是：confusion effect跟（很多猎物围绕着一个捕食者引起的）感知混乱有关，尽管捕食者可以决定攻击哪一条鱼，但是别的猎物的移动很容易分散注意力。捕食者的困难就跟一个网球运动员试着打（同时飞来的两个球中的）一个球一样困难。

2020-05-25 13:16:26 IP属地：局域网举报

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Eric037

这道题的出处在哪了

2013-11-08 22:52:16 IP属地：天津举报

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jiannanyiyego

细节题目，第一个观点说This indecision supposedly results from a predator\'s preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance.准确定位，同时第一遍阅读时读懂文意很容易。

2014-08-29 15:53:06 IP属地：湖北举报

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G550ppp

This indecision supposedly results from a predator\'s preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one.
identical=similar!

2015-10-03 23:49:54 IP属地：局域网举报

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绿小一

This indecision supposedly results from a predator's preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. B理论说一大群鱼让捕猎者很难决定吃哪个，一般他们倾向对长得比较特殊“显眼”的鱼下手，这样不容易被confuse

2012-06-24 15:39:22 IP属地：保留地址举报

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Shadow要考700分

This indecision supposedly results from a predator's preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the "confusion effect" has to do with the sensory confusion 。。一堆一样的不知道选哪个好 identical in appearance=similar

2018-09-06 16:42:15 IP属地：北京举报

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JANTIE

one explanation of the "confusion effect"不是应该定位到最后一段（THEORY B)吗？？？怎么能定位到理论A的内容呢？

2019-02-19 21:36:09 IP属地：北京举报

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奶茶只要三分糖回复 JANTIE

这个confusion effect理论大概意思就是一群鱼就算捕食者决定捕食其中一个也会因为相似性被分散注意力而感到困惑我是这么理解的就是定位最后一段

2019-11-20 18:56:36 IP属地：北京举报

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正确率： 92%

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OG16

GWD
PREP07 Test 1
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Manhattan
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SET 1

题目来源

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题目来源2:OG15

题目来源3:OG17

题目来源4:OG18

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