【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two gian_真题_答案

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Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past eachother, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. Geologists' pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types.

In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth's surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks' properties, affects frictional heating. Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.

The passage mostly agrees that Heney's findings about temperature in the San Andreas Fault made the greatest contribution in that they

Arevealed an error in previous measurements of temperature in the San Andreas Fault zone
Bindicated the types of clay present in the rocks that form the San Andreas Fault
Cestablished the superiority of a particular technique for evaluating data concerning friction in the San Andreas Fault
Dsuggested that geologists had inaccurately assumed that giant rock plates that meet at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction
Econfirmed geologists' assumptions about the amount of friction generated by common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite

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正确答案: D

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GWD

GWD
PREP07 Test 1
PREP07 Test 2
PREP2012
OG16
OG17
PREP08 Test 1
PREP08 Test 2
Manhattan
Magoosh
OG18
OG18-数学分册
OG18-语文分册
OG19
OG19-语文分册
OG19-数学分册
OG20
OG20-语文分册
OG20-数学分册

SET 1

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