题目材料
According to P. F. Drucker, the management philosophy known as Total Quality Management (TQM), which is designed to be adopted consistently throughout an organization and to improve customer service by using sampling theory to reduce the variability of a product's quality, can work successfully in conjunction with two older management systems. As Drucker notes, TQM's scientific approach is consistent with the statistical sampling techniques of the "rationalist" school of scientific management, and the organizational structure associated with TQM is consistent with the social and psychological emphases of the "human relations" school of management.
However, TQM cannot simply be grafted onto these systems or onto certain other non-TQM management systems. Although, as Drucker contends, TQM shares with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability, TQM requires fundamentally different strategies. While the other management systems referred to use upper management decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders, and customers as convergent. For example, lower prices not only benefit consumers but also enhance an organization's competitive edge and ensure its continuance, thus benefiting employees and owners. TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.
The passage suggests which of the following about the relationship between TQM and the rationalist and human relations schools of management?
- ATQM and the rationalist and human relations schools all share a number of fundamental strategies.
- BTQM does not share the fundamental objective of the rationalist and human relations schools.
- CThe TQM view of employee interests is consistent with the view of employee Interests held by the rationalist and human relations schools.
- DAlthough TQM is compatible with the rationalist and human relations schools. It differs from both in terms of its strategies for achieving its objectives.
- EAlthough TQM Is a newer management system than the rationalist and human relations systems, all three are derived from the same long-held principles of management.
显示答案
正确答案: D