说明：
本文是在国内GMAT考生中广为流传的PREP语法笔记整理而成。这些PREP题目，包括了老PREP和新PREP中的各2套共493道题目。我们把这些题目，按20道题目一组，创建了25个练习册，方便大家先做后看。
注意：此部分解析为非官方、非专业老师整理的解析。
141. (32243-!-item-!-188;#058&006686)
Lenders and building managers in the southwestern section of the city report that because of the
rental market in the area being renewed, as well as the willingness of the banks to lend money
being increased, apartment buildings are being rehabilitated at a pace unseen for a decade.
(A) of the rental market in the area being renewed, as well as the willingness of the banks to lend
money being increased
(B) of the renewed rental market in the area, as well as the willingness of banks to lend money
increasing
(C) of the renewed rental market in the area and the increased willingness of banks to lend money
(D) the rental market in the area renewed and the willingness of banks to lend money increased,
therefore
(E) the rental market in the area was being renewed and banks were increasingly willing to lend
money, so
A. because of somebody/something doing something句法笨拙，应改为相应的从句结构
B. because of x, as well as y, x和y的结构不对称
C. 正确，the renewed rental market 和 the increased willingness of banks to lend money平行对
称
D. Because与therefore语义重复；renewed为及物动词，用法不正确
E. Because…, so…为错误的句式，两个连词只能连接从句，缺少主句；此选项采用被动语态的过
去进行时没有根据。
句子结构：Lenders and building managers … report that…
本句划线部分设在谓语动词report的宾语从句中。该宾语从句要求表明公寓建设复苏的原因。由于未
划线部分采用了because一词，所以，宾语从句可能的结构为：because of something, apartment
buildings are being rehabilitated. 或者because+原因状语从句, apartment buildings are being
rehabilitated.
句子结构（Grammatical Construction）, 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）, 有效用词（Diction）
1) because of somebody/something doing something在GMAT中，是一种笨拙的、错误的句法结构。
当出现这种结构时，应该改为相对应的：because somebody/something did/does something.时
态根据句子意思做出相应的改变。Because of后面只能接名词性成分。因为动名词实际为动词含
义，所以不能跟在because of之后
2) 英文中，because…和so…均为连词，连句子，两者不能同时出现，否则，句子只有被because/so
引导的两个从句，没有主句。同理，although/though…与but…也不能同时出现
3) because和therefore词义重复。
4) renew为及物动词，需要接宾语，或者用于被动形式：be/get renewed等
补充说明
And 和 as well as 在含义和用法上均有一定的区别。具体分析可参考本书P2-57题
142. (32337-!-item-!-188;#058&006899)
The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere's complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
(A) The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere's complex responses to changing
conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever
more accurate.
(B) The ability of scientists has become ever more accurate in providing models of the
atmosphere's complex responses to changing conditions, such as seasonal and daily cycles or
different planetary conjunctions.
(C) Scientists have become able to provide ever more accurate models of the atmosphere's
complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary
conjunctions.
(D) Scientists have become ever more accurate in their ability for providing models of the
atmosphere's complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different
planetary conjunctions.
(E) Scientists' ability to provide models of the atmosphere's complex responses to such changing
conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions have become ever more
accurate.
A. the ability为单数主语，要求谓语为has；accurate修饰ability，形容词搭配不合理。此外，like不
能用于举例，应该使用such as
B. accurate修饰ability，形容词搭配不合理
C. 正确
D. accurate修饰ability，形容词搭配不合理；like不能用于举例，应该使用such as
E. the ability为单数主语，要求谓语动词也为单数has become；accurate修饰ability，形容词搭配不
合理；like不能用于举例，应该使用such as
句子结构：Scientists have become able to provide….为主结构。
ever more accurate models作为provide的宾语。of 引起的介宾短语修饰models，responses作介词
of的宾语。to引起介宾短语又进一步修饰responses，并且用到了such as结构进行举例。
逻辑表达（Logical Predication）, 主谓一致（Agreement）, 有效用词（Diction）
1) 精确的（accurate）一词合理的修饰对象是什么？我们可以说精确的模型（models）、数据（figure）
等，但是不能说精确的能力（ability）
2) the ability为单数主语，要求谓语动词也为单数
3) like不能用于表示举例，GMAT中举例要求使用such as
143. (32383-!-item-!-188;#058&006902)
Although the vast constellation of small islands that dot the South Pacific has a population of only a
few million people, it is home to about a sixth of the world's 6,000 or so languages.
(A) Pacific has a population of only a few million people, it is
(B) Pacific has a population of only a few million people, they are
(C) Pacific is populated by a only a few million people, and it is
(D) Pacific, having a population of only a few million people, is nonetheless
(E) Pacific, populated by only a few million people, yet they are
A. 正确
B. Although引导的从句主语为单数the constellation，主句的主谓应为it is
C. 连词and多余，这样使得句子缺少主句结构
D. 句子有although引起的从句，没有主句
E. Although引起的从句没有谓语动词；连词yet多余，使句子缺少主句
句子结构：Although the constellation has…, it (= the constellation) is….
主谓一致（Agreement）, 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）
1) 从句主语为单数constellation，主句主语与从句主语保持一致，所以应该使用it指代，谓语be动词
也相应的应该使用is
2) 该题目除了A、B选项句子结构完整之外，其他选项句子结构均不完整
144. (32429-!-item-!-188;#058&006970)
Meteor showers and individual streaks of light that flash across the sky every night are generated
when tiny flecks of celestial detritus, often no larger than grains of sand or of pebbles, burn up
speeding through the atmosphere.
(A) grains of sand or of pebbles, burn up speeding
(B) grains of sand or pebbles, burn up while speeding
(C) grains of sand or pebbles, which burn up while speeding
(D) a grain of sand or pebble, which burns up as it speeds
(E) a grain of sand or a pebble, burns up when it speeds
A. grains of pebbles是错误的搭配；burn up speeding through…句法错误
B. 正确
C. When引起的状语句子结构不完整，没有谓语
D. When引起的状语句子结构不完整，没有谓语；often no larger than…修饰复数的tiny flecks of
celestial detritus，因此，使用复数形式的grains of sand or pebbles比单数的a grain of sand or
pebble更为合适
E. often no larger than…修饰复数的tiny flecks of celestial detritus，因此，使用复数形式的grains of
sand or pebbles比单数的a grain of sand or pebble更为合适；主语tiny flecks of celestial detritus
要求使用复数谓语burn up
句子结构：Meteor showers and individual streaks of… are generated when tiny flecks of… burn up
while…
本题划线部分位于句子的状语从句部分。该从句为tiny flecks of celestial detritus作主语，burn up为
谓语动词，often部分为插入语，同位修饰主语。
主谓一致（Agreement）, 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）, 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) often no larger than…修饰复数的tiny flecks of celestial detritus，因此，使用复数形式的grains of
sand or pebbles比单数的a grain of sand or pebble更为合适，同时，谓语动词相应的也要求是复
数的burn up，而不是单数的burns up
2) when引导的状语从句中，tiny flecks of celestial detritus作主语，burn up作谓语，often no larger
than…为插入语，不影响句子的基本语法结构
3) grains of sugar/sand/salt等为固定的搭配，类似sugar/sand/salt等细小、沙状的东西才能用 a
grain of修饰。Pebbles鹅卵石是大颗的石头，不能用a grain of形容。因此，grains of sand or
pebbles这一词组中，pebbles是和grains of平行，而不能与sand平行，作grains of的宾语
145. (32475-!-item-!-188;#058&007134)
The Kwakiutl recognized one social unit larger than the tribe--the confederacy, which was a cluster
of loosely knit, informally related neighboring tribes who interacted with themselves more often than
between other tribes.
(A) tribes who interacted with themselves more often than between
(B) tribes who interacted among each other more often than among
(C) tribes who interacted with one another more often than with
(D) tribes, interacting among each other more often than between
(E) tribes, interacting among one another more often than with
A. With themselves和between other tribes之间不平行
B. Interact要求与with搭配
C. 正确
D. Among each other与between other tribes不平行；interact要求搭配with
E. Among one another与with other tribes不平行；interact要求搭配with
句子结构：The Kwakiutl recognized …
Which引起的从句起进一步说明the confederacy的作用。句子要表达的意思是：The confederacy这
个集合内的部落和这一集合内部落交往密切，而和这个集合之外的部落（other tribes）不那么密切。
比较（Comparison）, 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) 本句为介宾比较句，其结构为：Tribes interacted with A more often than with B. 其中A为
themselves，B为other tribes. 介宾比较句中，为了使比较清晰无歧义，两个介词均不能省略，
with A和with B对称，A/B要求为对等的事物
2) interact with为正确的习语搭配
3) among后面应该接名词复数，表示多个（大于两个）事物之间，among后不能接单数概念的each
other；between表示两个事物之间，正确使用方法为between x and y，其中x、y应该结构平行，
含义对称
146. (32521-!-item-!-188;#058&007141)
The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are
now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.
(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than
(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than
(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were
(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had
(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than
A. 正确
B. 形容numbers要使用greater than，使用more than引起歧义
C. 句子中没有复数名词，因此their没有指代对象
D. 句子中没有复数名词，因此they没有指代对象；now with引导的部分错误修饰主语the gyrfalcon；
此外，由于前句有with extinction，此处使用now with结构，容易是人产生该结构与with extinction
平行的疑惑，故不妥
E. now with引导的部分错误修饰主语the gyrfalcon；此外，由于前句有with extinction，此处使用now
with结构，容易是人产生该结构与with extinction 平行的疑惑，故不妥
句子结构：The gyrfalcon, …, has survived…; its numbers are…
本句使用分号，将句子分隔成了前后相互独立的两个分句。后句为比较句。
有效用词（Diction）, 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）
1) number表示数量是，可以用great/small等形容，表示这个数量的大或小，而不能用more/less，“多
/少”来形容。特别是此处使用了复数numbers，如果用more来形容，可以造成歧义：number这个
事物的数量变“多”了。也就是说，原来有3个numbers，现在有5个，这显然是不合逻辑的。句子
要表达的意思是，这些数量变“大”了，因此要使用greater
2) the gyrfalcon，单数名词作主语，its指代the gyrfalcon
补充说明
SC-GWD测试 本题即为Official Guide第10版第251题，读者可参考OG原有解释：
A, the best choice, uses a singular pronoun, its, to refer to the singular antecedent The
gyrfalcon, and it properly uses the construction its numbers are now ... greater than. In B, the
construction its numbers are ... more is not idiomatic: there are more birds, but not more numbers.
Choices C and D use a plural pronoun, their or they, to refer to a grammatically singular antecedent,
The gyrfalcon. Choices D and E wrongly use a phrase introduced by now with to modify The
gyrfalcon. In both choices, the phrase confusingly seems to parallel with extinction; a new clause
with a present tense verb is needed to state what the gyrfalcon's numbers are now.
AWA测试 With的含义，考生可以参考OG10-158题的解释
147. (32567-!-item-!-188;#058&007187)
Australian embryologists have found evidence that suggests that the elephant is descended from
an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally evolved as a kind of snorkel.
(A) that suggests that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolved
(B) that has suggested the elephant descended from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally evolving
(C) suggesting that the elephant had descended from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolving
(D) to suggest that the elephant has descended from an aquatic animal and its trunk originally
evolved
(E) to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally
evolved
A. Suggest that… and that…. 第二个that不能省略，且and前面不需要逗号
B. Suggest的用法不符合习语
C. 句子使用过去完成时没有根据，with部分结构错误
D. 宾语从句平行，第二个that不能省略
E. 正确
句子结构：Australian embryologists have found evidence to suggest that... and that….
胚胎学家发现的证据表明了两个事实：1）大象起源于一种水生生物；2）大象的长鼻子由类似潜水者
的通气管的结构进化而来。
句子结构（Grammatical Construction）, 习惯用语（Idiom）, 动词形式（Verb Form）
1) 宾语从句的that不能省略，两个宾语从句平行的结构中，第二个that也不能省略。
2) suggest表示表明时，用法包括 suggest something，以及 suggest that…
Trends in spending and investment suggest a gradual economic recovery.
Opinion polls suggest that only 10% of the population trusts the government.
The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.
3) 描述客观事实和真理时，我们常用一般现在时。如果描述的客观事件发生在过去，使用一般过去
时。
补充说明
本题suggest一词，不同选项给出了三种用法。这三种suggest的用法在此句中都是可以接受的。
a) evidence that suggests/has suggested…, 以that引导限定性定语从句修饰evidence，这些
证据表明了…。但在这种结构中，现在完成时与have found时态一致，优于一般现在时的
suggests
b) evidence suggesting…. 现在分词后置修饰先行词evidence
c) have found evidence to suggest…. 不定式作状语修饰谓语结构
因此，在本题中，suggest的用法并非正确选项的判断根据，题目的主要考点仍然是宾语从句的用法。
考生只要掌握了宾语从句平行的规则，便可顺利解题。
148. (32613-!-item-!-188;#058&007195)
The United States will be affected by whether Taiwan develops a closer relationship with mainland
China or preserves the status quo, since the island nation is the United States' seventh-largest
trading partner.
(A) The United States will be affected by whether Taiwan develops a closer relationship with
mainland China or preserves the status quo
(B) Whether or not Taiwan develops a closer relationship with mainland China or preserves the
status quo affecting the United States
(C) Whether or not Taiwan develops a closer relationship with mainland China or the status quo is
preserved, it will affect the United States
(D) It affects the United States whether Taiwan will develop a closer relationship with mainland
China or preserves the status quo
(E) It affects the United States whether or not Taiwan will develop a closer relationship with
mainland China or preserve the status quo
A. 正确
B. 句子缺少谓语；whether or not… or…为错误的习语
C. Whether or not… or… 为错误的习语；it没有指代对象；此外，the status quo is preserved使用
被动，不如A选项Taiwan preserves the status quo明确，丢失了动作发起者
D. 本选项采用it作为形式主语，真正的主语为whether… or…结构，这一句法结构本身没有问题，
但是句子时态错误，whether… or…连接的部分是对称的，台湾与中国大陆进一步发展往来，还
是保持现状，是同一条件下的两个选择，应该使用相同的时态
E. Whether or not… or… 为错误的习语；whether… or…连接的部分应该使用相同的时态
句子结构：The US will be affected by…, since…
本句逗号前面为主句结构，逗号后since引导原因状语从句。
习惯用语（Idiom）, 动词形式（Verb Form）
1) whether x or y为习语，是…还是…，表示两个选项之间的选择。其中x、y要求为结构平行、含义
对称。至于其具体成分，可以根据句意不同而不同：既可以是动宾结构，也可以为简单的名词成
分等等
2) 我们考虑一下这个句子：If Taiwan develops a closer relationship with mainland China, the
United States will be affected.如果台湾同中国大陆关系发展紧密，美国就会受到影响。一件事发
生了，另一件事也将要发生：If A happens, B will happen. 与上句的逻辑相似：The United States
will be affected by whether Taiwan develops a closer relationship with mainland China.相应的，
合适的时态为主句将来时，whether从句一般现在时。
149. (32659-!-item-!-188;#058&007220)
The global-warming effect of ocean white caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment that are not yet incorporated in any detail into the computer models used for predicting
how rising greenhouse gas concentrations could affect climate.
(A) The global-warming effect of ocean white caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment that are not yet incorporated in any detail into the computer models used for predicting
(B) The effect on global warming of ocean white caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment not yet incorporated in any detail into computer models, which they use to predict
(C) The effect of ocean white caps on global warming is one of the many aspects of the ocean
environment that are not yet incorporated in any detail into the computer models used to predict
(D) That ocean white caps have an effect on global warming is one of the many aspects of the
ocean environment not yet having been incorporated in any detail into the computer models that
are used for predicting
(E) That ocean white caps have an effect on global warming is one of the many aspects of the
ocean environment not yet being incorporated in any detail into computer models, which they use to
predict
A. 单数主语effect要求句子谓语为单数is；used for predicting习语使用不正确，use后应使用不定式
to predict
B. 单数主语effect要求句子谓语为单数is；从句子含义上来说，使用模型进行预测的应该是人（科学
家等），句中的they没有合理的指代对象
C. 正确
D. That引导主语从句，句子结构为That… is one of the many aspects…. having been incorporated
结构错误，应该为对应的从句结构：that are not yet incorporated…；used for predicting习语使
用不正确，use后应使用不定式to predict
E. being incorporated为被动语态的现在分词，强调现在进行的含义，在此句中语义不通；they没有
合理的指代对象
句子结构：The effect is one of the many aspects that are not yet incorporated into the computer
models. that are修饰aspects，in any detail作状语修饰incorporated，used to predict过去分词表被动，
后置修饰the computer models
主谓一致（Agreement）, 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）, 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) 句子主语为the effect，单数主语，要求句子谓语动词为单数is
2) 过去完成时的分词结构在GMAT中是一种错误的结构。having been done不能作为后置定语修饰
先行词，应该为其对应的定语从句：that have/have been done
3) be used to do something为正确的习语，be used for doing something不正确
补充说明
that引导的定语从句修饰先行词，一般情况下that紧跟在其修饰的先行词之后。但从本题可以看出，that
也可以跳跃指代that前面名词性成分的核心词。注意定语从句的谓语单复数。
150. (32705-!-item-!-188;#058&007266)
Hydrocarbons, with which fruit flies perfume themselves in species-specific blends, are known to be
important in courtship, and apparently this assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective
mates to distinguish their own species from that of others.
(A) and apparently this assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish
their own species from that of
(B) and apparently this assists flies when they taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in
distinguishing their own species from those of
(C) which apparently assists flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in being able to
distinguish their own species from
(D) apparently assisting flies to taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates to distinguish their
own species from those of
(E) apparently assisting flies that taste the hydrocarbons on prospective mates in distinguishing
their own species from
A. this不能用于指代前句描述的事情；assist习语搭配不正确；distinguish their own species from
that of others中，that of多余。One species and others, others即为other species，不再需要that
指代
B. this不能用于指代前句描述的事情；species为单数，复数的those没有指代对象，即使改为that，
如A选项分析，也不正确
C. which不能用于指代前句描述的事情，没有指代对象；in being able to罗嗦
D. assist习语搭配不正确；选项改变了原句的动宾关系：to taste作assist的宾语，to distinguish作
taste的宾语，完全改变了句子意思；those没有指代对象，即使改为that，也不正确
E. 正确
句子结构：Hydrocarbons are known to be important in courtship, apparently assisting….
现在分词作伴随状语。
习惯用语（Idiom）, 指代一致（Agreement）
1) assist正确的习语搭配为：assist (somebody) with/in something, assist in doing something
2) which、this不能用于指代前句描述的事情
