说明：
本文是在国内GMAT考生中广为流传的PREP语法笔记整理而成。这些PREP题目，包括了老PREP和新PREP中的各2套共493道题目。我们把这些题目，按20道题目一组，创建了25个练习册，方便大家先做后看。
注意：此部分解析为非官方、非专业老师整理的解析。
1. (24163-!-item-!-188;#058&001054)
Since the start of the space age, more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often
because the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks, and payload covers.
(A) more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often because
(B) orbits near Earth have become more and more littered, often from
(C) orbits near Earth became littered more and more, often resulting from
(D) there have been more and more littering of orbits near Earth, often because of
(E) there had been littering more and more of orbits near Earth, often with
句子结构：Since…, orbits… have become…, often from…
主语是orbits，系动词是完成时态have become，表语是littered，from…介词短语作方式状语。
考点：动词形式、句子结构、简洁有效
1) 动词形式-现在完成时，since是使用现在完成时态的标志。
2) 句子结构，连词后面必须跟有主谓结构的完整句子，because是连词，后跟完整句子，because of
是介词，后面可以直接加名词。
3) 简洁有效，在GMAT中，there be句型极少，因为这种表示存在状态的句型往往不能准确地表达出
动作的施受对象。
(A) 连词because后面不是完整的句子。
(B) 正确，have become现在完成时态，littered形容词作表语。
(C) 过去时态错误，since…需要用现在完成时态。
(D) there have been表达方式不恰当；名词形式littering of orbits不及动词形式更有效。
(E) there have been littering表达方式错误；介词with不能准确地表达原句“来自”的意思。
2. (24209-!-item-!-188;#058&001071)
In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four
cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought its western border
within reach of the Pacific Ocean.
(A) In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about
four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought
(B) For about four cents an acre the United States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803,
828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size and it brought
(C) With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for
about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing
(D) The United States, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, for about four cents an acre, acquired
828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size, bringing
(E) Acquiring 828,000 square miles in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States bought it
for about four cents an acre, more than doubling the country's size and bringing
句子结构：With…, the US acquired…, doubling… and bringing…
With介词短语做方式状语，主语是the United States，谓语是acquired，并列的现在分词结构doubling
and bringing作伴随状语修饰主句。
考点：指代一致、逻辑表达
1) 指代一致，which只能指代前面出现过的名词而不能指代整个句子，which指代前面句子表达的意
思常作为伴随状语的混淆选项出现。
2) 逻辑表达，修饰同一对象的成分必须用连词连接使其并列，否则会产生修饰歧义。
(A) which没有指代对象，and that没有并列对象。
(B) and it brought在语法上应该与主句the United States acquired并列，it没有合理的指代对象。
(C) 正确，with在此处的意思是because of sth and as it happens, as a result of。
(D) bringing和doubling并列作伴随状语修饰主句，应该用and连接，否则bringing…的修饰对象有歧
义。
(E) it没有指代对象；acquire与bought同时用，表达不简洁。
3. (24543-!-item-!-188;#058&001465)
Defying efforts by policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic at restraining it, the United States
dollar, continuing its rise, reaching its highest level in six years against the German mark.
(A) at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching
(B) at restraining it, the rise of the United States dollar continued, to reach
(C) at restraining it, the United States dollar continued rising, and it reached
(D) to restrain it, the United States dollar continued its rise, reaching
(E) to restrain it, the United States dollar is continuing its rise, and to reach
句子结构：Defying…, the United States dollar continued…, reaching…
现在分词结构defying…在句首修饰主语主语the United States，句尾的现在分词结构reaching…作伴
随状语。
考点：动词形式、平行对称、逻辑表达、习惯用语
1) 动词形式-现在进行时，有些动词（表示状态或感觉的词，或者表示极短暂的动作）一般不用现在
进行时，比如：declare, recognize等，continue是表示状态的动词，不用现在进行时态。
2) 平行对称，出现连词and要注意句子的并列对象是否合理并且符合原句意思。
3) 逻辑表达，分词结构在句首作状语，修饰主句主语。
4) 习惯用语，efforts to do sth
(A) the United States dollar是主语，缺少谓语；continuing与reaching两个并列的分词结构应该由连
词连接，以避免修饰歧义；effort to do sth是习惯用法。
(B) 句首的分词状语修饰主句主语rise不符合逻辑；未划线部分against的对象是the German mark，
所以句子主语应该对应用the United States dollar；effort to do sth是习惯用法。
(C) 并列谓语continued和reached可以省略第二个主语it，简洁；effortto do sth是习惯用法。
(D) 正确，句首的分词状语修饰主句主语the United States dollar，reaching分词结构作伴随状语表达
结果最为简洁。
(E) and to reach 没有并列对象；continue 不能用进行时。
4. (24589-!-item-!-188;#058&001492)
As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as
the solar wind.
(A) As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream
(B) Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the source of a continuous stream
(C) Besides heat and light, the Sun is also the source of a continuous streaming
(D) The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream
(E) The Sun is the source of not only heat and light but, as well, of a continuous streaming
句子结构：The Sun is the source not only of…, but also of… 并列结构。
考点：逻辑表达、平行对称
1) 逻辑表达，介词短语置于句首时，其逻辑主语等于句子主语，as well as是介词短语，意思是“除…
之外”，其连接对象必须是同类对等事物。
2) 平行对称-介词短语，not only… but also…习惯搭配，平行结构中的介词不能省略。
(A) heat and light与Sun并列，不符合逻辑。
(B) heat and light与Sun并列，不符合逻辑。
(C) heat and light与Sun并列，不符合逻辑；stream是名词，不需要用动名词形式streaming。
(D) 正确，not only… but also…连接并列的介词短语。
(E) not only… but as well搭配错误；stream是名词，不需要用动名词形式streaming。
5. (24635-!-item-!-188;#058&001505)
Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and
creativity, but unlike men of science, their female counterparts have had to work against the grain of
occupational stereotyping to enter a "man's world."
(A) their female counterparts have had to work
(B) their problem is working
(C) one thing they have had to do is work
(D) the handicap women of science have had is to work
(E) women of science have had to work
句子结构：Like their male counterparts, women scientists are…, but unlike men of science, women
of science have had to… 比较结构。
考点：比较、指代一致
1) 比较-unlike，unlike连接比较对象要对等，同类事物。
2) 指代一致，句子中一个代词重复出现，必须指同一对象。
(A) 划线部分的their与前面的their指代不一致。
(B) problem与men比较对象不对等；is working改变了原句时态及意思，原句中的have had to有“不得
不”的意思。
(C) one thing与men比较对象不对等；they指代对象不清楚；系动词is后面应该跟to work，而不是直
接加动词work。
(D) handicap与work against有语意上的重复。
(E) 正确，women of science与men of science对比。
6. (24681-!-item-!-188;#058&001533)
From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull,
come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.
(A) From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the
skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.
(B) The knowledge that scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony
house of the brain, located in the back of the skull, that is, the cranium.
(C) The knowledge of dinosaur brains that scientists have come from studies of the bony house of
the brain, which is located in the back of the skull and is called the cranium.
(D) What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house
of the brain located in the back of the skull.
(E) Located in the back of the skull is the cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is from studies
of this that scientists know what they know about dinosaur brains.
句子结构：What… comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of…
名词从句what scientists know about dinsaur brains作主语，谓语动词是comes，the bony house of…
作cranium的同位语，过去分词结构located in the back of the skull作后置定语修饰名词brain。
考点：逻辑表达、主谓一致
1) 逻辑表达-过去分词结构，过去分词结构如果作定语，一定要尽可能紧临其修饰词，用逗号隔离之
后修饰对象可能是邻近的名词，可能是主语，也可能修饰后面的词，也可以做状语。
2) 主谓一致，what引导的名词从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
(A) which就近指代brain错误；过去分词定语located in…修饰对象不清楚，可能是cranium，也可能
是brain；名词从句what scientists know about…作主语，谓语应该用单数comes。
(B) The knowledge that scientists know about…表达方式罗嗦；过去分词结构located…修饰对象不
清楚；that is指代不清楚。
(C) 名词从句作主语，谓语应该用单数comes；which就近指代brain，那么and后面的is called the
cranium的主语也是brain，主谓搭配错误。
(D) 正确，名词从句作主语，谓语动词用单数comes，the bony house of…是cranium的同位语，二
者是相同的事物，过去分词located in the back of the skull修饰名词brain。
(E) it和this指代都不清楚；scientists know what they know about表达不清晰。
7. (24727-!-item-!-188;#058&001574)
So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are
having a positive effect on the environment and natural resource base of countries as varied as
China, the Netherlands, and Hungary.
(A) as varied as
(B) as varied as are
(C) as varied as those of
(D) that are as varied as
(E) that are varied as are
句子结构：… green taxes, which…, are having effect on… base of countries as varied as…
考点：习惯用语
1) 习惯用语-A as varied as B，A和B要平行，B用来解释、举例A。
(A) 正确，varied是过去分词作后置定语修饰countries。
(B) are多余，会有和taxes比较的歧义。
(C) those指代不清楚。
(D) that are多余
(E) 结构混乱。
8. (24773-!-item-!-188;#058&001691)
Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays, reaches high
concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from
human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons
deplete the ozone layer.
(A) has long appeared that it was immune from
(B) has long appeared to have been immune from
(C) has long appeared as being immune to
(D) had long appeared immune to
(E) had long appeared that it was immune to
句子结构：Ozone, …, reaches high concentrations … above Earth, where... ; we have now realized
that…
分号隔开意思并列的两个句子。第一个句子主语是oxygen由that引导的定语从句修饰，谓语是
reaches，where引导定语从句修饰Earth，该从句是主系表结构，appear作系动词，immune to human
influence是表语。
考点：动词形式、指代一致
1) 动词形式-过去完成时，很多情况下，过去时间由上下文表示出来，不需要表示过去时间的状语。
2) 指代一致，形式主语it指代了句子的真正主语（真正的主语在句子后部），因为有所指，所以句子
中如果再出现其它有所指的it，就使it指代不一致，是错误的用法。
(A) it has long appeard that中it是形式主语，后面的it是指Ozone，两个it指代对象不一致。
(B) appeared to have been immume中的现在完成时多余，因为前面has appeared已经表达了完成时
态。
(C) appear as being用法错误。
(D) 正确，appear用作系动词，immune是adj.，简洁明了。分号后面是have now realized，强调now，
用了现在完成时，分号前面的long强调与现在的对比，用过去的时态较合理。
(E) 两个it指代不一致。
补充说明：
immune to: not affected by sth 不受影响
You will eventually become immune to criticism. 你终究会变得不在乎批评。
immune from: protected from sth and therefore able to avoid it 受保护；豁免。=exempt
Not even the President’s wife was immune from criticism by the press. 甚至总统夫人都未能免遭新
闻界批评。
appear 的用法
1、作系动词, =seem, +adj. 作表语。
2、作动词, appear to inf 动词不定式, appear that 从句, it appears that…。
9. (24819-!-item-!-188;#058&001693)
The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that
present as little risk as one in a million chances to cause cancer.
(A) as little risk as one in a million chances to cause
(B) as little risk as one chance in a million of causing
(C) as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause
(D) a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing
(E) a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause
句子结构：The EPA puts controls on toxic substances that…
That引导定语从句修饰句子宾语substances。
考点：习惯用语、指代一致
习惯用语-risk of doing sth, risk of sth（risk分别为名词）, risk doing（risk为动词）。
指代一致，it只能指代句子中出现过的单数名词，注意未划线部分的提示。
(A) one指代risk，risk in a million chances表达错误；risk of doing是习惯用语。
(B) 正确，one chance in a million用以修饰little，risk of causing cancer是正确的表达方式。
(C) that it重复，前面已经有that present，it指代不清楚，无法指代复数名词toxic substances。
(D) risk后面应该跟of doing，而不是for doing。
(E) it指代不清楚；risk后面应该跟of doing，而不是to do。
10. (25013-!-item-!-188;#058&001959)
The rise of the Incan empire rested not only on the Incas' military might and the ability of their rulers
but also they imposed a highly organized economic and political system on many different ethnic
groups and permitting them to retain many of their customs and often their own leaders.
(A) they imposed a highly organized economic and political system on many different ethnic groups
and permitting them
(B) on their imposition of a highly organized economic and political system on many different ethnic
groups, who were permitted
(C) because of their imposition of a highly organized economic and political system on many
different ethnic groups, who they permitted
(D) on their imposing of a highly organized economic and political system on many different ethnic
groups and they permitted them
(E) imposing a highly organized economic and political system on many different ethnic groups,
permitting them
句子结构：The rise of… rested not only on… but also on… 并列结构。
考点：平行对称、句子结构
1) 平行对称-介词短语，not only, but also连接的平行对称必须形式对等。
2) 句子结构，GMAT中，常有从句的内容在语法上与主句结构并列的错误，出现连词and时，要注意
其连接的对象是否在形式上对称，是否在逻辑上平行。
(A) Not only, but also连接对象不平行，前面是介词短语，后面是句子；and permitting没有并列对象。
(B) 正确，not only on… but also on…介词短语平行；who引导从句修饰名词groups。
(C) Not only, but also连接对象不平行；because of与rest on有语意上的重复；从句中who与they两个
主语重复。
(D) Not only, but also 连接对象不平行，one’s+动名词不如直接用名词形式；and they permitted 没有
并列对象。
(E) Not only, but also连接对象不平行，前面是介词短语，后面是现在分词结构；句尾的分词结构
permitting…修饰对象不清楚，有作伴随状语的歧义。
11. (25059-!-item-!-188;#058&002009)
Nine months after the county banned jet skis and other water bikes from the tranquil waters of
Puget Sound, a judge overturned the ban on the ground of violating state laws for allowing the use
of personal watercraft on common waterways.
(A) of violating state laws for allowing
(B) of their violating state laws to allow
(C) that it violates state laws that allowed
(D) that it violated state laws allowing
(E) that state laws were being violated allowing
句子结构：Nice months after the county banned…, a judge overturned the ban on the ground that…
After引导时间状语从句，主句主语是judge，谓语是overturned，宾语是ban，on the ground that…介
词短语作状语，that引导同位语从句解释ground。
考点：逻辑表达、习惯用语
1) 逻辑表达，修饰名词时常用分词或that从句作定语，一般不用不定式，因为不定式通常用来作状
语表示目的，其逻辑主语可能是句子主语，容易产生修饰歧义；用在法律等的修饰上，分词结构
比定语从句更能表达出状态的含义。
2) 习惯用语-on the ground(s)的两种常见用法：
on the ground(s) that…: if you do sth on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is the reason for
your action.
The court overturned that decision on the grounds that the Prosecution has withheld crucial
evidence.
on the ground(s) of +noun.
Owen was against it, on the grounds of expense.
(A) for allowing表达方式错误，其逻辑主语有a judge的嫌疑，而原句allow…应该作laws的后置定语；
on the ground后跟of+名词或者that从句，不能跟of doing。
(B) their 没有指代对象；to allow 表示目的，其逻辑主语有 a judge 的嫌疑，而原句 allow…是 laws
的定语；on the ground of their violating 表达方式错误。
(C) violate应该用过去时态。
(D) 正确，that引导同位语从句，现在分词结构allowing作后置定语修饰名词laws。
(E) 被动语态表达不清晰；allowing距离其修饰对象laws太远，产生歧义。
12. (25105-!-item-!-188;#058&002139)
Performing a risky maneuver that required precision flying, not only did space shuttle astronauts
retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously while avoiding being rear-ended by a
passing ultraviolet telescope.
(A) not only did space shuttle astronauts retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously
while avoiding
(B) not only was an orbiting satellite retrieved by space shuttle astronauts, but they also
simultaneously avoided
(C) an orbiting satellite was retrieved by space shuttle astronauts who also avoided simultaneously
(D) space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite, simultaneously while avoiding
(E) space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite and simultaneously avoided
句子结构：Performing…, … astronauts retrieved … and avoided… 并列结构。
现在分词结构performing…在句首作状语修饰主句主语astronauts，句子并列谓语是retrieved and
avoided。
考点：逻辑表达、平行对称、简洁有效
1) 逻辑表达，现在分词置于句首作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句主语，要注意有这种修饰结构的句子
主语是否符合逻辑。
2) 平行对称，not only, but also固定搭配出现，连接平行对象要形式对称。
3) 简洁有效，while可以表达“当…时”的意思，与simultaneously“同时地”语意上有重复。
(A) not only…, it…搭配不完整；it没有指代对象；simultaneously while语意重复。
(B) performing修饰主语satellite，不符合逻辑；not only, but also连接对象不对称。
(C) performing修饰主语satellite，不符合逻辑。
(D) simultaneously while语意重复。
(E) 正确，performing…修饰主语astronauts，并列谓语retrieved and avoided。
13. (25151-!-item-!-188;#058&002234)
One of the earliest known birds with a beak and contour feathers, Confuciusornis sanctus, with
large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, which probably helped them to climb up to a launching position
for flight.
(A) with large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, which probably helped them to
(B) with large clawlike "thumbs" on their wings, which probably helped it to
(C) had large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, which probably helped them
(D) had large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, probably to help it
(E) had large clawlike "thumbs" on their wings, probably to help it
句子结构：One of … birds…, Confuciusornis sanctus, had … thumbs…, to help it …
主语是one，同位语Confuciusornis sanctus，谓语是had，宾语thumbs，后跟不定式to help…作目的
状语。
考点：指代一致、句子结构
1) 指代一致，one of+复数名词作主语时，强调的是one，所以谓语动词及后面的代词都是单数。
2) 句子结构，作谓语的成分在选项中同时以修饰成分出现时，要注意作修饰成分的这些选项是否有
谓语，句子结构是否完整。
(A) 句子缺少谓语；复数them没有指代对象，且与前面的its不一致。
(B) 句子缺少谓语；复数their指代错误，且与后面的it不一致；which就近指代wings错误，应该指代
thumbs。
(C) 复数them没有指代对象；which就近指代wings错误。
(D) 正确，its, it指代Confuciusornis sanctus，to help不定式作目的状语。
(E) 复数their指代错误，且与后面的it不一致。
14. (25197-!-item-!-188;#058&002294) [OG原题，OG10-AWA-OG：第44题
Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.
(A) Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.
(B) Out of every four, three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle.
(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States.
(D) In the United States, three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.
(E) Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States, bicycles are also owned by three.
句子结构：Three out of every four… owners… own a bicycle.
OG10解释：
A, the best choice, is concise, idiomatic, and maintains subject-verb agreement.
In B, Out of every four, three is unidiomatic. The singular verb owns does not agree with its plural
subject, three ... owners.
The passive construction in C (Bicycles are owned by) is cumbersome and does not contribute
meaningfully to the sentence. The shift to plural Bicycles detracts from clarity by suggesting that
multiple bicycles are owned by each person in question.
In D, the singular owns does not agree with its plural subject three... owners. Furthermore, the
plural bicycles detracts from clarity by suggesting that multiple bicycles are owned by each person
in question.
In E, the phrase beginning Out of every four ... cannot properly modify bicycles, and the passive
construction (bicycles are also owned) is awkward and does not contribute meaningfully to the
sentence. The plural nouns bicycles and automobiles suggest imprecisely that each person owns
more than one of each.
15. (25243-!-item-!-188;#058&002297)
In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an
intensive series of experiments that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their
effects on workers' performance.
(A) that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance
(B) investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers'
performance
(C) for investigating what the effects on workers' performance are that changes in working
conditions would cause
(D) that investigated changes in working conditions' effects on workers' performance
(E) to investigate what the effects changes in working conditions would have on workers'
performance
句子结构：… the Hawthorne Works of… was the scene of … experiments investigating the effects
that…
现在分词结构investigating作后置定语修饰名词experiments，effects是investigate的宾语，由that引
导的定语从句修饰。
考点：逻辑表达
1) 逻辑表达，分词作后置定语修饰名词是最简洁有效的表达方式，不定式作定语容易产生修饰歧义，
因为不定式通常用来作状语表示目的，其逻辑主语可能是句子主语；遇到较复杂的修饰成分，要
首先从逻辑意思出发，区分出主从句各自的主谓宾结构。
(A) their指代不清楚，可能是changes，也可能是conditions；
(B) 正确，investigating作后置定语修饰experiment，that引导定语从句修饰effects。
(C)
(D) 表达不清晰，可以理解为changes in… effects，也可以理解为changes in working conditions。
(E) 修饰effects的定语从句changes in working conditions would have前面应该加引导词that；what
the effects没有谓语；该句用不定式to investigate作定语修饰experiments不及直接用分词更有效。
补充说明：as to
As to: prep. You use as to to indicate what something refers to.
They should make decisions as to whether the student needs more help.
16. (25289-!-item-!-188;#058&002314)
The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is
now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark,
either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.
(A) banked with dirt to a height of
(B) banked with dirt as high as that of
(C) banked them with dirt to a height of
(D) was banked with dirt as high as
(E) was banked with dirt as high as that of
句子结构：The house…, …, was conical …, its framework… overlaid with…, …, and banked with…
主句是主系表结构was conical，后面跟并列的“名词+过去分词”独立主格结构，overlaid with…,and
banked with都修饰framework。
考点：句子结构、平行对称
1) 句子结构-独立主格，名词+过去分词。
2) 平行对称，各选项中and连接对象不同时，注意原句表达的意思，从逻辑意思上出发，确定应该
与主句还是从句并列。
(A) 正确，banked with与overlaid with并列，height of +数量词，表高度，例如a height of 6000 metres。
(B) that没有指代对象。
(C) 复数them没有指代对象，前面是单数名词framework。
(D) and was banked...在语法上与主句was conical…并列，改变原句意思。
(E) and was banked...在语法上与主句was conical…并列，改变原句意思；that没有指代对象。
17. (25335-!-item-!-188;#058&002335)
The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts to pursue what they had
not previously considered possible--better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as
measles and yaws.
(A) what they had not previously considered possible--better control, if not eradication, of the other
infections such as
(B) what they had not previously considered a possibility--better control, if not eradication, of such
infections like
(C) something they had not previously considered possible-better control, if not eradication, of such
infections as
(D) something not considered a previous possibility--better control and perhaps eradication, of
other infections such as
(E) the possibility of what they had not previously considered--better control and possibly
eradication of infections like
句子结构：The success… has stimulated experts to pursue…
To pursue something是不定式作补语，后跟定语从句（省略了关系代词that）。
考点：习惯用语、简洁有效、逻辑表达
习惯用语-such as，表示举例时用such as，而不是用like。
简洁有效，谓语动词后直接加形容词作补语；如果能用名词替代一个名词性从句，优先选名词（比如
something, probability, likelihood等）。
逻辑表达，原句的插入语不能随意改为句中并列的成分，会使表达意思改变，而且有些动作是不可能
用and连接同时发生的，如本题中的control和eradication。
(A) something代替名词从句，简洁；the other结构不完整，应该是one… the other搭配。
(B) consider a possibility表达方式不及直接跟形容词简洁有效；such like搭配错误，应该是such as。
(C) 正确，if not eradication是插入语，such as…举例。
(D) consider应直接跟形容词，a previous possibility表达错误且改变了原意；control and perhaps
eradication不符合逻辑，改变了原句意思；possibility与perhaps语意重复；other用错，没有搭配对象。
(E) the possibility of what用法错误，应该用that；possibility与possibly重复；control and eradication
不符合逻辑；用like表示举例错误。
补充说明：
one… the other 只有两个
some… the others 有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
18. (25381-!-item-!-188;#058&002338)
Although the first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted was in the summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, it had not been announced until February, 1968.
(A) Although the first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted was in the summer of
1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, it had not been announced until February, 1968.
(B) Although not announced until February, 1968, in the summer of 1967 graduate student Jocelyn
Bell observed the first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted.
(C) Although observed by graduate student Jocelyn Bell in the summer of 1967, the discovery of
the first sighted pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, had not been announced before February,
1968.
(D) The first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted was observed in the summer of
1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, but the discovery was not announced until February, 1968.
(E) The first sighted pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, was not announced until February,
1968, while it was observed in the summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell.
句子结构：The first pulsar, …, … was observed … by …, but the discovery was not announced
until…
主语是pulsar，后跟插入语，to be sighted是不定式作定语修饰名词pulsar，谓语是was observed，
but连接转折分句the discovery是对前面句子的概括词。
考点：逻辑表达
1) 逻辑表达
1） 逻辑主语合理性，分词结构置于句首，其逻辑主语等于主句主语，要保证其修饰合理性。
2） 主谓搭配合理，一个动作的发出者往往不能发出或接受文中的动作，或从逻辑意义上考
虑，不是动作的真正发出者。
(A) 句子主语是pulsar，系动词was，后跟时间状语，被动语态谓语结构不完整（by…没有受动对象），
不符合逻辑；it指代不清楚（语法上讲it应该指代pulsar，但pulsar不能be announced，只能是discovery
be announced）。
(B) 分词结构not announced修饰主句主语Jocelyn Bell错误。
(C) 分词结构observed by修饰主语主语discovery错误，应该修饰pulsar。
(D) 正确，but连接转折分句，discovery是前句的概括词。
(E) Pulsar was not announced主谓搭配不符合逻辑。
19. (25427-!-item-!-188;#058&002348)
Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of walking as being less efficient than in
modern human beings.
(A) as being less efficient than in
(B) as less efficient than it is in
(C) as less efficient than that of
(D) to be less efficient than that of
(E) to have been less efficient than it is in
句子结构：Some anthropologists regard… as…
考点：指代一致、习惯用语
1) 指代一致，that指代同类（本质的，可以不带修饰部分），it指代原物，带修饰部分。That通常不
单独使用，而是that of，of后面所跟的部分与修饰部分对称。
2) 习惯用语-regard，regard… as being/having, regard… as+名词。
(A) than前后比较对象不对等，应该由that指代manner。
(B) it指代hominids’ manner，不符合逻辑。
(C) 正确，less… than搭配，that指代manner。
(D) regard… to be用法错误。
(E) regard… to have用法错误；it指代hominids’ manner，不符合逻辑。
20. (25474-!-item-!-188;#058&002354)
The human nervous system and a telephone system superficially resemble each other, not only
because the former carries information in the form of electrical impulses and because all of its
neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal cord, which together form a kind of central
exchange.
(A) The human nervous system and a telephone system superficially resemble each other, not only
because the former carries
(B) The human nervous system and a telephone system bear a superficial resemblance because
they both carry
(C) The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance to a telephone system both
because the former carries
(D) Superficially, a telephone system resembles the human nervous system both because they
carry
(E) There is a superficial resemblance between a telephone system and the human nervous system,
not only because they both carry
句子结构：… system bears … resemblance to… both because… and because… 并列结构。
Both… and…连接并列的原因状语从句。
考点：平行对称、指代一致
1) 平行对称，both... and…，not only…, but also…搭配，连接对象要平行对称。
2) 指代一致，尽管复数代词they可以指代前面出现过的多个事物，但要注意意思是否符合逻辑，是
否维持原句意思。
(A) not only…, and…搭配错误。
(B) both的位置错误，使得连接对象不平行，应该置于because前面；they没有指代对象。
(C) 正确，both because…, and because…连接并列的原因状语从句。
(D) 副词superficially位置改变，修饰对象有歧义；they没有指代对象。
(E) there be句型表达表达方式不及主谓结构更有效；both的位置错误；they没有指代对象。
