说明：
本文是在国内GMAT考生中广为流传的PREP语法笔记整理而成。这些PREP题目，包括了老PREP和新PREP中的各2套共493道题目。我们把这些题目，按20道题目一组，创建了25个练习册，方便大家先做后看。
注意：此部分解析为非官方、非专业老师整理的解析。
21. (25681-!-item-!-188;#058&002107)
When Nigeria achieved full independence in 1960, they had already established a federal
political structure consisting of three regions based on the three major population clusters that
were in its borders.
(A) they had already established a federal political structure consisting of three regions based
on the three major population clusters that were in
(B) they already had established a federal political structure consisting of three regions that was
based on the three major population clusters inside
(C) they already had established a federal political structure that consisted of three regions
based on the three major population clusters in
(D) it had already established a federal political structure that consisted of three regions based
on the three major population clusters within
(E) it already had established a federal political structure consisting of three regions being
based on the three major population clusters it had within
考点: 指代一致（Agreement）、简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) being错误使用: 以下几种表达中being属于多余
a) being + n. b) being + adj. c) as being + n./adj./v-ing
2）用介词定语可以表达清楚意思更简洁，不需要用定语从句。
(A) 从未划线部分its borders可以得到暗示,Nigeria在这里作为单数处理,因此they没有指代对象,
应该改为it；that were in表达不及within简洁。
(B) 错误同A选项
(C) 错误同A选项
(D) 正确, it和its指代一致
(E) being多余；clusters it had within…表达复杂
句子结构: When Nigeria achieved…, it had already established… structure that…
22. (25727-!-item-!-188;#058&002127)
The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts
had expected it to and its business will improve in the second half of the year.
(A) had expected it to and its business will improve
(B) had expected and that its business would improve
(C) expected it would and that it will improve its business
(D) expected them to and its business would improve
(E) expected and that it will have improved its business
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）、动词形式（Verb Form）、句子结构（Grammatical Construction）
1) 过去完成时: 当某一个动作发生在过去的某一个动作之前,应该使用过去完成时
2) 宾语从句的并列:announced that… and that…
3）and在连接句子时，只能连接并列的独立句子（即主句），and后面的句子不能与从句并列。
(A) it to多余;its前面必须加上that,构成宾语从句的并列:announced that… and that…
(B) 正确, 注意到了前后两个分句的发生先后关系,正确的使用了过去完成时;and that和
announced that并列;
(C) 从逻辑上看,expect发生在announced之前,应该用过去完成时;expected it中的it多余;由于整
个句子的时间框架是过去,will应该该为would
(D) them没有指代对象且多余;and后面应该加上that跟announced that构成并列
(E) will应该改为would; 现在完成时不对,根据in the second half of the year判断imporve应该用将
来的某一种时态
句子结构: The company announced that…and that its business would…
23. (25773-!-item-!-188;#058&002128)
While they remove carbon dioxide from the air, conserve soil and water, and house thousands
of species, forests also supply potentially valuable pharmaceuticals, and, as sources of building
material and firewood, that provide employment for millions worldwide.
(A) pharmaceuticals, and, as sources of building material and firewood, that provide
(B) pharmaceuticals, and sources of building material and firewood, are providers of
(C) pharmaceuticals and, as sources of building material and firewood that are providing
(D) pharmaceuticals and sources of building material and firewood, for providing
(E) pharmaceuticals and, as sources of building material and firewood, provide
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 逻辑表达（Logcial Predicaton）
1) 平行结构
2) 句子结构
(A) and that结构没有平行对象
(B) 去掉as后,后半句变为forest also supply… , and sources… are providers…意思变为:森林也
提供了有潜在价值的药材,并且建筑材料和柴火的来源成为了全球上百万岗位的提供者. 改变了原
句意思
(C) and, as sources of building…结构没有动词,跟also supply不平行
(D) 语法上sources of…和pharmaceuticals并列,改变了原句的意思
(E) 正确, forsts also supply…and provide…结构平行
句子结构: While they remove…, conserve…, and house…, forests also supply…, and,…,
provide…
句中的as成分作为插入语修饰forests.
原句的意思为:森林一方面处理空气中的二氧化碳,保护水土并为上千种生物提供住处,另一方面提
供了有潜在价值的药材并且,作为建筑材料和柴火的来源,为全球提供了上百万的工作岗位
24. (25819-!-item-!-188;#058&002130)
Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than
they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.
(A) less than they did
(B) less than it did
(C) less than they were
(D) lower than
(E) lower than they were
考点: 比较（Comparison） 指代一致（Agreement）
1) 比较结构中,如果省略后会对省略结构造成歧义,则不能省略
2) 替代原则: 前面出现过的动词,后面只能用do和did代替,或者重复前面出现过的动词.以本题举
例: 前面出现的rose在比较结构后半句中可以用did替代,或者重复rose
(A) 正确, less在这里做副词,修饰动词rose; 使用did来代替重复的rose
(B) it没有指代对象,应该改为they指代costs
(C) were不能指代前面出现的rose
(D) lower只能做形容词,不能修饰动词rose; than in the year比较结构表达太模糊,完全可以理解为
than others expected in the year或 than price rose in the year等等
(E) lower和were使用错误
句子结构: Employment costs…, slightly less than they did in the year…
25. (25865-!-item-!-188;#058&002136)
Often incorrectly referred to as a tidal wave, a tsunami, a seismic sea wave that can reach up to
150 miles per hour in speed and 200 feet high, is caused by underwater earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions.
(A) up to 150 miles per hour in speed and 200 feet high, is
(B) up to 150 miles per hour in speed and heights of up to 200 feet, is
(C) speeds of up to 150 miles per hour and 200 feet high, are
(D) speeds of up to 150 miles per hour and heights of up to 200 feet, is
(E) speeds of up to 150 miles per hour and as high as 200 feet, are
考点: 习惯用语（Idiom） 平行对称（Parallelism）…主谓一致（Agreement） 逻辑表达（Logical
Predication）
1) 习惯用法:表达速度是多少时习惯用speeds of…
(A) 不符合习惯用语,且up to 150 miles和200 feet high不平行
(B) 不符合习惯用语,且up to 150 miles和heights of up to不平行
(C) speeds of up to和200 feet high不平行;主谓不一致: 谓语动词are应该改为单数.
(D) 正确, 符合习惯用法并且speeds of up to和heights of up to平行;主谓一致
(E) speeds of up to和as high as不平行; 主谓不一致
句子结构: Often in correctly referred…, a tsunami, …, is caused by…
26. (25911-!-item-!-188;#058&002160)
The investigations of many psychologists and anthropologists support the generalization of
there being little that is a significant difference in the underlying mental processes manifested by
people from different cultures.
(A) of there being little that is a significant difference
(B) of there being little that is significantly different
(C) of little that is significantly different
(D) that there is little that is significantly different
(E) that there is little of significant differences
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) 宾语从句强调整体, 谓语+宾语结构只强调宾语 参考17题
(A) of there being代替that同位语从句表达复杂,笨拙并且不符合习惯.
(B) 错误同A选项
(C) 错误同A选项
(D) 正确, 用that同位语从句清楚地解释了generalization的内容
(E) significant differences在这里可以理解为有重要意义的区别,也可以理解为重要的区别,因此不
如significantly表达意思清楚
句子结构: The investigations of…and anthropologists support the generalization that there is…
补充说明:
significant 和 significantly 的区别:前者意思较广泛,有意义重大,重要等意思,而后者则意思明确,只
表示程度很深的意思
27. (25957-!-item-!-188;#058&002223)
When drafting the Declaration of Sentiments that was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention in 1848, included in it by the author, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was a call for
female enfranchisement.
(A) When drafting the Declaration of Sentiments that was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women's
Rights Convention in 1848, included in it by the author, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was a call for
female enfranchisement.
(B) Including a call for female enfranchisement, a draft of the Declaration of Sentiments was
adopted at the Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention in 1848 that Elizabeth Cady Stanton
wrote.
(C) When the Declaration of Sentiments drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton was adopted at the
Seneca Falls Women's Convention in 1848, a call for female enfranchisement had been
included in it.
(D) A call for female enfranchisement, included in Elizabeth Cady Stanton's draft of the
Declaration of Sentiments in 1848, that was adopted by the Seneca Falls Women's Rights
Convention.
(E) When Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments that was adopted at the
Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention in 1848, she included in it a call for female
enfranchisement.
考点:句子结构（Grammatical Construction）、逻辑表达（Logical Predication）
1) 修饰成分应该尽量靠近修饰对象
2) 逗号+ -ed形容词的结构中, -ed形容词从语法上修饰的是逗号前最后一个名词
3) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语
(A) when drafting…结构中缺乏逻辑主语; included…结构中缺乏句子主语 应该在included之前加
上一个what用来做was a call的主语; 即使上面两个问题修改后,句子结构仍然复杂,笨拙.
(B) that从句离修饰对象a draft太远, 给人感觉that从句修饰的是Convention; 整个句子结构笨拙
(C) 原句中没有标志表明要用过去完成时; a call for female enfranchisement had been included
in it.使用被动语态无法表示出施动者是谁,并且it指代模糊
(D) 整个句子缺乏谓语成分; included从语法上修饰enfranchisement, 而从逻辑上应该A call
(E) 正确, when连接完整的句子,that从句紧靠修饰对象,句子结构清晰,用词简洁
句子结构: When Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments that…, she
included in it…
28. (26003-!-item-!-188;#058&002229)
Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be
brought into the country by visitors.
(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be
(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be
(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and
could be
(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is
capable of being
(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be
考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）、逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、有效用词（Diction）
1) 现在分词的完成时态不能作定语修饰名词: 如 evidence having been proved…是错误的,可以
改为 evidence proved… 或evidence that have been proved…
2) be able to do和can的区别: 前者表示拥有某种能力去做某事,强调的是能力;后者表示可能去做
某事,表现了一种可能性
(A) 句子结构复杂; be able to do表示拥有能力去做的意思, 用在此处不合适; it continues中的it多
余,因为去掉插入语although后,句子变为Polio it continues…,it和Polio重复
(B) it多余
(C) 随意替换Although的内容, 更改了原句的意思
(D) having been eradicated使用错误,应该去掉having been; is capable of being表示拥有某种能
力,用在此处不合适
(E) 正确, 整个句子简洁,表达清晰,用could表达一种可能性
句子结构: Although eradicated…, polio continues…and could be brought…
补充说明:
GMAT考试中,经常使用插入语来增加句子的难度. 我们可以去掉这些插入语来检查句子主干的正
确性, 如果主干正确,再来看插入语的正确与否.
29. (26049-!-item-!-188;#058&002254)
Oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.
(A) Oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.
(B) With oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.
(C) Whereas oaks prefer drier ones, with pine trees thriving in relatively wet climates.
(D) Pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates, whereas oaks prefer drier ones.
(E) Pine trees thriving in climates that are relatively wet ones, oaks prefer drier climates.
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、指代一致（Agreement）
1) one和ones指代前面出现的单数和复数名词的核心词, 例:The proposed urban development
zones represent not a new principle, but one that was employed in “Operation Bootstrap” in
Puerto Rico. 其中one指代前面出现的单数名词核心词principle而不是a new principle
(A) 两个分句之间没有连词,缺乏逻辑关系; ones只能指代前面出现过的复数名词,本选项中ones
前面只有Oaks,ones没有指代
(B) 用with不能表现出两者对比的意思; ones没有指代
(C) 句子结构笨拙; ones没有指代
(D) 正确, whereas正确的表现了对比的意思, ones指代前面出现过的复数名词核心词climates.
(E) 句子结构复杂;两个分句间无连词,缺乏逻辑关系.
句子结构: Pine trees thrive…, whereas oaks prefer…
30. (26095-!-item-!-188;#058&002442) [OG原题，OG10-]
Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the
number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
(A) bringing
(B) and brings
(C) and it brings
(D) and it brought
(E) and brought
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) 伴随状语:使用伴随状语表示伴随结果往往是正确答案的标志
(A) 正确, 使用伴随状语,正确的表现了sea eagle left their nests这个动作带来的影响,结果
(B) 语法上and brings和left并列,因此拥有同一个主语:Five fledgling sea, Five fledgling sea
brings to…不符合逻辑意思
(C) 错误同B, 且it没有指代
(D) 错误同C
(E) 错误同B
句子结构: …sea eagles left…, brining to …
补充说明:
伴随状语的几个特点:
1-在句子中应该是一个独立的成分，跟主句存在一定的逻辑关系
2-伴随状语一定是和主句谓语动词相比，并且伴随状语的意义居于次要地位
3-伴随状语中的动作和主句动作同时发生
4-伴随状语中动词的主语和主句中谓语动词的主语相同
31. (26141-!-item-!-188;#058&002444)
According to some economists, the July decrease in unemployment so that it was the lowest in
two years suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.
(A) so that it was the lowest in two years
(B) so that it was the lowest two-year rate
(C) to what would be the lowest in two years
(D) to a two-year low level
(E) to the lowest level in two years
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) so that可以修饰动作,但不能修饰名词,例: I stopped so that you could catch up.
(A) so that不能修饰名词the decrease
(B) 错误同A选项；lowest two-year rate改变了原意。
(C) would表现将来的某一种情况,而原句表现的是已经被大家所知的一个事实, 因此would的使用
不正确; to what would be…结构复杂
(D) two-year low level不符合习惯用法,且意思模糊
(E) 正确, 使用了正确的表达方式: decrease… to the lowest level
句子结构: According to…, the July decrease in unemployment… suggests that…
32. (26187-!-item-!-188;#058&002462)
Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992,
Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
(A) Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992,
Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
(B) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, a
$100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence was pledged by Project
SETI.
(C) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World,
Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
(D) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the initiation
of Project SETI five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992.
(E) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence five
centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, on Columbus Day 1992, the initiation of
Project SETI took place.
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）
1) 修饰成分应尽量靠近修饰对象
2) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语
(A) on Columbus Day 1992位置错误,暗示了Europeans arrived in the New World发生在1992年,
而project发生在此之后的500年,明显不符合逻,应该将on Columbus Day 1992直接置于修饰对象
Initiated之后, 消除修饰歧意.
B) a $100 million作为Initiated on Columbus Day…的逻辑主语, 不符合逻辑
(C) 正确, 逻辑主语正确,five centuries after…作为插入语正确的修饰 Columbus Day 1992
(D) the initiation 作为Pledging a $100 million的逻辑主语, 不符合逻辑; 整个句子没有谓语
(E) the initiation 作为Pledging a $100 million的逻辑主语, 不符合逻辑; on Columbus Day 1992
既可以修饰Europeans arrived又可以修饰the initiation,造成修饰不清; the initiation of Project
SETI took place表达笨拙
句子结构: Initiated on…, five centuries…, Project SETI pledged…investment in the search for…
33. (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)
More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh
water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(B) With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great
Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's
fresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more
than 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.
考点: 比较（Comparison） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) 限定性从句和非限定性从句: 限定性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定作用,与先行词有着不可分
割的联系,它的前面通常没有逗号;非限定性定语从句与它的先行词之间只有比较松散的关系,通常
用逗号将它与主句隔开
2) 比较的双方必须概念对等
(A) 正确, 非限定定语从句which holds…就近修饰Lake Baikal; more than all the…作为20
percent of the world’s fresh water的同位语,意思清晰,结构简单
(B) that引导限定性定语从句前面不用逗号隔开, 而此处去掉that从句并不影响原句的主要意思,因
此应该用which引导的非限定性定语从句表明两者之间松散的逻辑关系, 但即使改为which引导的
非限定性定语从句,which也只能修饰fresh water仍然意思不对; has more than 300 rivers that
drain into it表达笨拙,不如A的结构简单
(C) 去掉插入语with more than 300…原句变成Siberia’s Lake Baikal it holds 20 percent… it多余.
后半句结构混乱.
(D) while作为连词表示当…的时候或者表示转折,而原句并没有这种逻辑关系; which引导的非限
定性定语从句就近修饰fresh water, 而从逻辑上应该修饰20 percent of the world’s fresh water
(E)将Baikal和北美5大湖直接进行比较,概念不对等, 应该是Baikal的水量和五大湖的水量进行比
较.
句子结构: More than 300 rivers drain..., which holds… fresh water, more than…
34. (26279-!-item-!-188;#058&002548)
Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady
electric fields around their bodies, using their power either to find and attack prey, to defend
themselves, or also for communicating and navigating.
(A) either to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, or also for communicating and
navigating
(B) either for finding and attacking prey, defend themselves, or for communication and
navigation
(C) to find and attack prey, for defense, or communication and navigation
(D) for finding and attacking prey, to defend themselves, or also for communication and
navigation
(E) to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, or to communicate and navigate
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) 并列的成分需要形式对应,概念对等
2) 习惯用法:either…or…
(A) either…or also不符合习惯用法; to find…, to defend…, or also for communicating形式不对应
(B) finding and attacking和defend形式不对应, for communication和for finding形式不对应
(C) to find…和for defense…形式不对应
(D) for finding… to defend… or also for communication形式不对应
(E) 正确, to find… to defend…or to communicate…形式对应
句子结构: … fish generate and discharge…, …, using their power to find and attack…, to
defend…, or to communicate and navigate..
35. (26325-!-item-!-188;#058&002592)
In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of thromboxane,
which is a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not seriously interfering with the
production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.
(A) which is a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not seriously interfering
(B) a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not seriously interfering
(C) a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere
(D) which is a substance to promote blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere
(E) which is a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not a serious interference
(A) promotes…, but not…interfering…结构不平行
(B) 错误同A选项；
(C) 正确, a substance that…独立主格结构作为thromboxane的同位语对thromboxane进行解释
说明; but does跳过同位语和suffices并列共同作为a low dose of aspirin的谓语动词
(D) but does…更像是跟is a substance…并列,从而作为了thromboxane的谓语动词,改变了原句
的意思
(E) but not a serious语法上只能跟is a substance并列(因为前面有which is a substance that…
所以but not a serious…可以视为but is not a serious…的省略结构,但是却不能做为…usually
suffices的省略结构),共同修饰thromboxane,改变了原句的意思
句子结构: …, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to… thromboxane, a substance that
promotes…, but does not…
考点: 平行对称（Parellalism）、句子结构（Grammatical Construction）
1) and, but等连词出现的时候,一定要注意前后平行，并列的结构逻辑意思要合理。
2) 两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词或者become,第二个句子中的be动词或者become必须
省略
3) 独立主格结构：
独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、
动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语）构成. 独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状
语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等
1)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系,形式为:
n．+ n.; n. + -ed/ing 形式; n. + 介词短语;n. +形容词短语
2)with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
由“with ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语
可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the
branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
3)each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式
36. (26371-!-item-!-188;#058&002614)
Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery,
the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with
themselves--was as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.
(A) was as disturbing to his own time as it is
(B) were as disturbing to his own time as they are
(C) has been as disturbing in his own time as they are
(D) had been as disturbing in his own time as it was
(E) have been as disturbing in his own time as
考点: 主谓一致（Agreement） 比较（Comparison）、动词形式（Verb Form）
1) 主谓一致: 复合主语A and B的谓语动词要用复数
2) 比较的对象要概念对等
(A) was和复合主语style and his choices…主谓不一致; it没有指代对象
(B) 正确, were as disturbing to his own time as they are compelling for ours表明是过去的情况和
现在的情况相对比, 符合逻辑意思; 比较双方概念对等,两个句子powerful style and his choices
were disturbing to his own time和they are compelling for ours进行比较
(C) in his own time表明应该用过去的某一个时态,因此has been现在完成时使用错误
(D) it没有指代; was使用错误,应该使用现在时are表明是过去跟现在相比(his own time… ours)
(E) 现在完成时错误; 该比较结构是句子跟句子进行比较, as compelling for ours不是句子, 因此
比较的对象概念不对等
句子结构: Thomas Eakin’s powerful style and his choices… were as … as…
37. (26417-!-item-!-188;#058&002629)
One report concludes that many schools do not have, or likely to have, enough computers to
use them effectively.
(A) or
(B) nor
(C) or are
(D) nor are they
(E) nor are not
考点: 习惯用语（Idiom） 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) 用连词连接的成分必然可以找到与之平行的对象
2) nor用在否定句中表示“也不”的意思
3) never, seldom, little, nor, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only等表示否定的副词或连词位于句
首时,全句需要倒装.
4) 习惯用法: be likely to do
(A) or使用错误，应该用nor表示“既不…也不”的意思
(B) nor作为连词，do not have, nor likely to have不平行, 应该在nor后面加上are, 使are likely to…
和do not have构成动词结构的并列或者将likely to去掉,构成do not have, nor have的平列
(C) or使用错误,应该改为nor
(D) 正确, 使用nor表现既不…也不的意思; 加上are使得 are likely to have和do not have并列;
nor are they在这里是倒装; are likely to do符合习惯用法
(E) 加上not改变了原句的意思, 原句是否定的意思,加上not以后变成双重否定,变成了肯定的意思
句子结构: …concludes that many schools do not have, nor are they likely to have, …
38. (26463-!-item-!-188;#058&002639) [OG原题，OG10-AWA-OG：第59题
Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against the unnatural complexity of human relations in modern
society.
(A) Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
(B) Like Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
(C) As Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
(D) As did Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
(E) Tolstoi's rebellion, as Rousseau's, was
考点: 比较（Comparison）
1) 比较双方必须概念对等: like + 名词, 表示比较,侧重同类事物的比较
2) as的用法: as后面加上名词,表示作为…的意思; as加句子,表示两个动作之间的相似性,例: He
was known to all as a famous writer. He runs fast as a leopard does.
(A) 正确, 比较双方Rousseau和Tolstoi概念对等
(B) 比较双方Rousseau和Tolstoi’s rebellion不对等
(C) as + n表示作为…的意思, Tolstoi作为Rousseau不符合逻辑意思
(D) as + 句子表示动作之间的比较, Tolstoi’s rebellion was…没有动作性动词,无法和did比较
(E) Tolstoi’s rebellion作为Rousseau’s不符合逻辑意思
句子结构: Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against…
OG10解释：
In choice A, the best answer, a clear and logical comparison is made between Rousseau and
Tolstoi.
Choice B illogically compares a person, Rousseau, to an event, Tolstoi's rebellion. Also,
Tolstoi's rebellion was against is less direct than Tolstoi rebelled against.
Inserting did after As would make C grammatical. Because As is a conjunction, it must
introduce a clause; hence the noun Rousseau must have a verb.
Choice D compares an implied action (As did Rousseau) with a noun (Tolstoi's rebellion).
Choice E is awkwardly formed, and like is needed in place of as to compare two nouns
(rebellion is understood after Rousseau's). Also, Tolstoi's rebellion... was against is less direct
than Tolstoi rebelled against.
39. (26509-!-item-!-188;#058&002648)
The Sports Medicine Programs of the Olympic Training Center, a complex where final tryouts are
held for athletes representing the United States in the Olympics, is geared toward enhancing
athletes' performance and toward their preparation for international competition.
(A) is geared toward enhancing athletes' performance and toward their preparation
(B) is geared to enhance the performance of athletes and to prepare them
(C) are geared to enhance athletes' performance and their preparation
(D) are geared toward the enhancement of athletes' performance and toward preparing them
(E) are geared toward enhancing the performance of athletes and preparing them
考点:主谓一致（Agreement） 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) 习惯搭配: gear: verb. (usually passive.)if someone or sth is geared to (+noun.)or towards a
particular purpose, they are organized or designed in order to achieve that purpose.对某事物加以调
节以适合某种需要或达到某种水平或标准
2) 专有名词的复数: 专有名词的复数跟普通单词一样,在词尾添加s表示复数概念
(A) toward enhancing和toward their preparation不平行; 主谓不一致,is应该改为复数
(B) 主谓不一致
(C) to enhance和their preparation不平行，and their preparation错误地与athletes’ performance并列。
(D) the enhancement和preparing them不平行
(E) 正确, are geared toward enhancing…and preparing结构平行且符合习惯用法
句子结构: The Sports Medicine Programs…,…, are geared toward enhancing… and preparing
them…
40. (26555-!-item-!-188;#058&002661)
With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters
A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose
numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.
(A) With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the
letters A and B
(B) Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of
(C) Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations
(D) Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B
(E) Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and
they are aware of it
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）、指代一致（Agreement）
1) 介词短语:on account of, because of, despite (in despite of), as a result of之后只跟简单的名词短
语。若其后面跟的是动名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分
词来修饰时,应改为与其相同意义的连词because, although等引导的从句形式。
2) 指代歧意
(A) 句子结构不够简洁
(B) they指代不清, 既可以向前指代numbers, letters又可以向后指代companies
(C) Because of + n + having…表现复杂,应该改为Because从句
(D) 正确, aware of 置于句首修饰companies, 句子结构简单,意思清晰
(E) have connotations associated with them表达复杂;they指代不清,it无指代
句子结构: Aware of the connotations of the numbers…and the letters…, companies… typically
choose…
