|
OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Transportation expenses accounted for a large portion of the total dollar amount spent on trips for pleasure by residents of the United States in 1997, and about half of the total dollar amount spent on the transportation was airfare. However, the large majority of United States residents who took trips for pleasure in 1997 did not travel by airplane but used other means of transportation.If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true about United States residents who took trips for pleasure in 1997?
|
|
OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Voters commonly condemn politicians for being insincere, but politicians often must disguise their true feelings when they make public statements. If they expressed their honest views-about, say, their party`s policies-then achieving politically necessary compromises would be much more difficult. Clearly, the very insincerity that people decry shows that our government is functioning well.Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines this reasoning?
|
|
OG21 OG2022
|
Duckbill dinosaurs, like today's monitor lizards had particularly long tails, which they could whip at considerable speed. Monitor lizards use their tails to strike predators. However, although duckbill tails were otherwise very similar to those of monitor lizards, the duckbill`s tailbones were proportionately much thinner and thus more delicate. Moreover, to ward off their proportionately much larger predators, duckbills would have had to whip their tails considerably faster than monitor lizards do.
The information given, if accurate, provides the strongest support for which of the following hypotheses?
|
|
OG21 OG2022
|
In an attempt to produce a coffee plant that would yield beans containing no caffeine. the synthesis of a substance known to be integral to the initial stages of caffeine production was blocked either in the beans, in the leaves, or both. For those plants in which synthesis of the substance was blocked only in the leaves. the resulting beans contained no caffeine.
Any of the following. if true, would provide the basis for an explanation of the observed results
EXCEPT:
|
|
OG21 OG2022
|
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Laminated glass is much harder to break than the glass typically used in the windows of cars driven in Relnia. It is more difficult for thieves to break into cars with laminated glass windows than into cars with ordinary glass windows, and laminated glass windows are less likely to break in a collision. Nevertheless, considerations of security and safety do not unambiguously support a proposal to require that in Relnia all glass installed in cars be laminated glass, since_________.
|
|
OG21 OG2022
|
Consultant: Ace Repairs ends up having to redo a significant number of the complex repair jobs it undertakes, but when those repairs are redone, they are invariably done right. Since we have established that there is no systematic difference between the mechanics who are assigned to do the initial repairs and those who are assigned to redo unsatisfactory jobs, we must reject the
hypothesis that mistakes made in the initial repairs are due to the mechanics' lack of competence. Rather, it is likely that complex repairs require a level of focused attention that the company's mechanics apply consistently only to repair jobs that have not been done right on the first try.
In the consultant's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
|
|
OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
To reduce waste of raw materials, the government of Sperland is considering requiring household appliances to be broken down for salvage when discarded. To cover the cost of salvage, the government is planning to charge a fee, which would be imposed when the appliance is first sold. Imposing the fee at the time of salvage would reduce waste more effectively, however, because consumers tend to keep old appliances longer if they are faced with a fee for discarding them.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
|
|
OG12 OG15 OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
When there is less rainfall than normal, the water level of Australian rivers falls and the rivers flow more slowly. Because algae whose habitat is river water grow best in slow-moving water, the amount of algae per unit of water generally increases when there has been little rain. By contrast, however, following a period of extreme drought, algae levels are low even in very slow-moving river water.Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the contrast described above?
|
|
OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Increased use of incineration is sometimes advocated as a safe way to dispose of chemical waste. But opponents of incineration point to the 40 incidents involving unexpected releases of dangerous chemical agents that were reported just last year at two existing incinerators commissioned to destroy a quantity of chemical waste material. Since designs for proposed new incinerators include no additional means of preventing such releases, leaks will only become more prevalent if use of incineration increases. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
|
|
OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Public health expert: Increasing the urgency of a public health message may be counterproductive. In addition to irritating the majority who already behave responsibly, it may undermine all government pronouncements on health by convincing people that such messages are overly cautious. And there is no reason to believe that those who ignore measured voices will listen to shouting.The two sections in boldface play which of the following roles in the public health expert`s argument?
|
|
OG12 OG15 OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Several industries have recently switched at least partly from older technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. It is thus evident that less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these industries had retained their older technologies.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
|
|
OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
The difference in average annual income in favor of employees who have college degrees, compared with those who do not have such degrees, doubled between 1980 and 1990. Some analysts have hypothesized that increased competition between employers for employees with college degrees drove up income for such employees.Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the explanation described above?
|
|
OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Which of the following most logically completes the passage? According to the last pre-election poll in Whippleton, most voters believe that the three problems government needs to address, in order of importance, air pollution, crime, and unemployment. Yet in the election, candidates from parties perceived as strongly against pollution were defeated, while those elected were all from parties with a history of opposing legislation designed to reduce pollution. These results should not be taken to indicate that the poll was inaccurate, however, since _______ .
|
|
OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Manufacturing plants in Arundia have recently been acquired in substantial numbers by investors from abroad. Arundian politicians are proposing legislative action to stop such investment, justifying the proposal by arguing that foreign investors, opportunistically exploiting a recent fall in the value of the Arundian currency, were able to buy Arundian assets at less than their true value.Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the adequacy of the Arundian politicians` justification for the proposed legislation?
|
|
OG21 OG2022
|
Proposal: Carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere block the escape of heat into space. So emission df these "greenhouse" gases contributes to global warming. In order to reduce global warming, emission of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced. Therefore, the methane now emitted from open landfills should instead be burned to produce electricity.
Objection: The burning of methane generates carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere.
Which of the following, if true, most adequately counters the objection made to the proposal?
|
|
OG16 OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Proposed new safety rules for the Beach City airport would lengthen considerably the minimum time between takeoffs from the airport. In consequence, the airport would be able to accommodate 10 percent fewer flights than currently use the airport daily. The city`s operating budget depends heavily on taxes generated by tourist spending, and most of the tourists come by plane. Therefore, the proposed new safety rules, if adopted, will reduce the revenue available for the operating budget.The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
|
|
OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
The introduction of the new drugs into the market is frequently prevented by a shortage of human subjects for the clinical trials needed to show that the drugs are safe and effective. Since the lives and health of people in future generations may depend on treatments that are currently experimental, practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients to volunteer for clinical trials.Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion of the argument?
|
|
OG17 OG15 OG16 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
As a construction material, bamboo is as strong as steel and sturdier than concrete. Moreover, in tropical areas bamboo is a much less expensive construction material than either steel or concrete and is always readily available. In tropical areas, therefore, building with bamboo makes better economic sense than building with steel or concrete, except where land values are high.Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain exception noted above?
|
|
OG21 OG2022
|
The country of Virodia has, until now, been barely self-sufficient in both meat and grain. Greater prosperity there has gone hand in hand with steadily increasing per capita consumption of meat, and it takes several pounds of grain used as feed to produce one pound of meat. Per capita income is almost certain to rise further, yet increases in domestic grain production are unlikely.
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?
|
|
OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Newspaper editors should not allow reporters to write the headlines for their own stories. The reason for this is that, while the headlines that reporters themselves write are often clever, what typically makes them clever is that they allude to little-known information that is familiar to the reporter but that never appears explicitly in the story itself.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
|