Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

A non-profit organization is deciding whether to deliver and administer a limited quantity of a new vaccine for malaria, a mosquito-borne disease, to Country A or Country B, two countries with equal populations that are evenly distributed geographically and equally at risk of malaria. The expected rate of success per administration is expected to be the same in each country, but the non-profit organization has limited time to administer the drug and is uncertain of reaching either population in its entirety. Country B is smaller. Therefore, administering the vaccine to Country B will be more effective than administering to Country A, since _______________.

Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

Crops can be purged of insects by introducing insects sterilized artificially by radiation; the sterilized male insects of a particular species are released to mingle with a natural population and mate with females who fail to have offspring, thereby inhibiting the ability of the local population of that species to reproduce. A new technique of sterilizing the medfly makes the sterilized male medflies exceptionally attractive to the females, so that a local population can be wiped out completely. But complete extermination might bring new risks. A farmer who considers his plot exceptionally attractive to medflies might think that his plot is the perfect case in which to use the new, more powerful, sterilized insect technique, but he should consider that _______________.

The average text-format computer password is highly effective at stopping casual attempts by hackers to break into a critical, secured computer systems but can be hacked within a few minutes by a powerful computer permitted to make repeated remote login attempts. No critical, secured computer system can afford to be defended by a measure that will last as little time as a few minutes. Biometric authentication, on the other hand, has no vulnerability to remote repeated login attempts. Clearly, therefore, for critical, secured computer systems, the average text-format computer password can play no part in effectively stopping hacking attempts.

The argument is most vulnerable to the objection that it fails to

The design of an ancient pyramid suggests that the population who built the structure had developed the solar calendar. The exterior walls of the partly ruined pyramid consist of four successive stairways, and if a platform at the top of the structure is imagined as a single step atop four stairways of 91 steps each, the total number of steps corresponds to the number of days in the year according to the solar calendar.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

Last year the rate of unemployment was 8.2 percent, but this year it has been 7 percent. We can conclude that unemployment is on a downward trend and the rate will be even lower next year.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?

Male cowbirds sing a variety of types of songs, demonstrating a wide range of vocal capabilities. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of cowbirds of the same species sing in styles particular to their populations, ornithologists have concluded that the cowbirds' singing styles are culturally acquired, rather than genetically transmitted.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the ornithologists?

It is the opinion of the student council that the school's strict proctoring guidelines, which sometimes create situations in which a student may have to take three final exams in quick succession, can be done away with. If, as most faculty appear to believe, take-home exams, which are not proctored anyway, are the only exams on which students might actually dare cheat, then by doing away with the proctoring requirements, the school would allow students to schedule their own final exams without damaging the integrity of these exams. The fact that there is a very small percentage of students who are liable to attempt to cheat on a final exam when they take it within the school's walls is really a separate issue.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

Since neighboring country Bordland dropped all tariffs on imports of our country's automobiles one year ago, the number of automobiles sold annually in Bordland has not changed. However, recent statistics show a drop in the number of automobile factory workers in Bordland. Meanwhile, the number of people employed by automobile factories in our country has long been significantly higher than in Bordland. Therefore, updated trade statistics will probably indicate that the number of automobiles Bordland imports annually from our country has increased.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A minority but influential investor in Quell has recently claimed that the company's stock is undervalued, citing as evidence the announced plan of Quell's CEO, who is the majority shareholder, to sell the company within a short period of time. According to the minority investor, the CEO is permitting or even encouraging an undervalued stock price so that he may get the company sold and liquidate his stake in the company. By accusing the CEO of having personal motives allow the stock price to become distorted, however, the minority investor is guilty of the precise accusation that he himself is making. This investor is known for using his influence to attempt to sway public opinion and meddle in otherwise well-calibrated deals in order to drive up share prices for his personal financial benefit.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

The design of an article of clothing generally cannot be patented, but functional aspects or devices attached to clothing or included as attributes of clothing can usually be patented. Therefore, the design of a website selling fashion accessories should not be patentable, but the programming of that website, it if is unique, should be patentable.

Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?

Recycled plastic lumber is a building material made from plastic bottles and other plastic waste. Unlike traditional lumber, it won't rot or absorb water, and it is highly resistant to insect damage, so it is well-suited for marine and outdoor applications. Recycled plastic lumber is worth considering as an alternative to traditional lumber for most building projects, with the exception of interior residential projects.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the exception noted above?

The value of gold has crashed; will it ever return to its previous high within the next year? Even at around $60, the value of gold is still up over 100 percent since it matched its last all-time high in the low $30 range just two months ago. One trend is clear, at $60 or at $250, the ecosystem of watching and trading gold continues to expand. Within the next year, without a doubt, more portfolios will include gold, more companies will be created to serve people who consider trading gold, and more people will buy gold. Clearly, it can be concluded that gold will go up.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

In the face of consumer demands, many agricultural companies in this country have stopped growing genetically modified strains of some of their crops and resumed growing unmodified strains of those crops. Clearly, less genetically modified produce is being farmed in this country as a result of this switch than would have been farmed if those companies had continued to produce the genetically modified variants.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

A restaurant owner plans to replace the restaurant's tables and chairs, which are currently of a generic design, with sturdier models from a manufacturer in Maine. The newer tables and chairs are more expensive, but they are extremely durable, so the owner expects to have to replace them far less frequently, saving money in the long term.

Which of the following must be studied in order to evaluate the argument presented above?

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Pasteurization greatly reduces the number of potentially disease-causing microbes in milk. However, it destroys enzymes that contribute to immunity and also digestive enzymes, such as lactase, that aid the body in assimilating milk's nutrients. Some parties, pointing out that for some milk drinkers, such as infants, the risks of drinking unpasteurized milk outweigh the benefits, conclude too hastily that unpasteurized milk is too dangerous to allow on the market, overlooking the fact that _______________.

An online retailer that makes its deliveries through a private shipping company has determined that, unlike before, now it can profitably begin making deliveries seven days a week, not just six days a week. Delivering a given number of shipments within a narrower window of time tends to be more cost effective, because, on average, delivery trucks will be able to exploit economies in their driving routes and will incur lower average shipping costs per dollar of delivered goods per hour. Nevertheless, the retailer expects profits to rise with the change.

Which of the following, if true, provides the best reason for the expectation?

In a price war, each of multiple suppliers of highly competitive products and services repeatedly lowers its price to avoid being undercut and thereby losing sales and customers to its competitors. Due to these competitive pressures, the companies involved generally reduce their prices far more than they otherwise would, even to the point where none of the companies is able to make a profit on sales. A price war is usually detrimental to all companies involved, who will profit from reasonable but higher costs, but at the same time a company cannot always afford to let a competitor lower price without matching or lowering beyond that price.

Assuming that none of the competitors can be knocked out of the market, it should be expected that _______________.

Book reviewer: the author of this book confirms that it was inspired by the plot of Anthony Adverse, the 1933 book by Hervey Allen, but maintains that the style of writing is unique. Orpheo, the author's main character, is an orphan, like the lead character of the earlier novel, but Orpheo's dialogue is of a style that would never been heard in the 1930s.

The author's position is best supported if which of the following is true?

Plan: Wishing to reduce the number of citizens without health insurance, the government of Patrio decided last year to run an extensive advertising campaign that targeted young people and which described the importance of choosing and enrolling in a health insurance plan.

Result: The percentage of young people enrolled in a health insurance plan has not increased.

Further information: Most young people in Patrio saw and remembered the advertising. Moreover, surveys revealed that more young people after the campaign believed that it was important to choose and enroll in a health insurance plan.

In light of the further information, which of the following, if true, does most to explain the result that followed implementation of the plan?

For a country to obtain the benefits of direct investment by foreign multinationals in its industries, unrestricted incentives to foreign multinationals and a high degree of support to local businesses are both necessary. While the government of Kokua is prepared to offer incentives to foreign multinationals, the population of the country would most likely demand that the national legislature place restrictions on these incentives by the next voting term.

The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?