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Ready4	Certain species of fish swim in large clusters called schools, whose function is not entirely understood. Experiments have shown that individual fish, when removed from a school, demonstrate higher heart rates than those found within the school. Fish may experience stress at being separated from fellow members of their species, but an alternative explanation is that, for hydrodynamic reasons, swimming alone requires more physical exertion. Which of the following, if discovered in an experiment, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
Ready4	The percentage of homes with property values of $200,000 or more is higher in Salinger County than in any other county. However, the percentage of homes with property values of $400,000 or more is higher in Landers County. If the above statements are true, which of the following must also be true?
Ready4	Is the product of a certain pair of integers odd? (1) The sum of the integers is even. (2) At least one of the integers is odd.
Ready4	Is the sum of a certain pair of integers even? (1) The product of the integers is odd. (2) Both of the integers are odd.
Ready4	Is the sum of a certain pair of integers odd? (1) One of the integers is even and the other is odd. (2) The product of the integers is even.
Ready4	Some people believe that the exhaustion of a long road trip poses the biggest threat to a driver’s safety. Other driving situations, however, are far more dangerous. The sense of relaxation evoked by familiar neighborhoods induces drivers to rely more on muscle memory and less on active input from their surroundings. Such major lapses in attention are the reason most car accidents occur near the home. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Ready4	After several years of decreased sales for advertisements on its bus lines, the Arthursville Transportation System (ATS) reorganized its sales force. Before reorganization, its sales force was stratified, with the more experienced sales representatives targeting the most promising opportunities. The reorganization introduced a relationship-based approach by which sales representatives are assigned based on their social proximity to specific buyers. After the reorganization, revenue from advertising sales increased. In evaluating whether the increase in advertising sales can reasonably be attributed to the reorganization, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
Ready4	Several groups of mammals, including echidnas, insectivorous hedgehogs, and some shrew-like Madagascan mammals, all share prickly protrusions of the skin. These animals live in sufficiently distant environments that their interbreeding is unlikely. Since their habitats share similar features, however, scientists conclude that these animals independently evolved prickly skin to serve similar functions. Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the scientists’ hypothesis?
Ready4	In the past, BASE jumpers used parachutes when making their high-altitude leaps. In the past few years, wingsuits have become popular; they generate lift, allowing the jumper to glide rather than free-fall, but cause landings to take place at much higher speeds. The concern that wingsuits are more dangerous than parachutes is clearly sustained by the fact that the number of BASE jumping injuries was much higher last year than it was ten years ago. Which of the following, if true, most seriously compromises the strength of the evidence cited?
Ready4	Consumers are often disappointed by the bland taste of the fruits and vegetables found at most supermarket chains. A professor in Florida recently developed a new type of tomato that a panel of 500 experts ranked the best tomato they had ever tasted. However, consultants concluded that selling the new tomato, which is smaller than other tomato varieties, would not result in increased revenues for supermarket chains. Which of the following, if true, does most to justify the consultants’ conclusion?
Ready4	Baker-Perez Engineering specializes in microelectronics. The company has traditionally focused on printed circuit board designs, but is hoping to expand into sensor networks and embedded systems. Baker-Perez is cutting its staff of engineers by 10 percent. To ensure that the company’s ability to produce high-quality products is impacted as little as possible by the staff cuts, consultants recommend that Baker-Perez lay off the most recent hires, who are the least familiar with the company’s products. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt upon the consultants’ rationale for selecting staff to lay off?
Ready4	As an artist and, more meaningfully, as a teacher of painting and drawing, Fernand Cormon was one of the most transformative artists of the twentieth century, who taught several artists including Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Vincent van Gogh.
Ready4	Supporters believe that the new drones are a technology whose significance is primarily territorial, more an apparatus for discouraging opposing countries’ threats than to accomplish any actual military purpose.
Ready4	Researchers have discovered that persons who have been deaf from birth, and who thus have never heard music in the traditional sense, nevertheless feel the vibrations of a song as strongly and with the same intensity as hearing people do, and that they will seek out music even when bass isn’t the primary component.
Ready4	In 1925, the Supreme Court declared the law banning private schools in the state of Oregon as unconstitutional, and ruling that while the state was free to regulate private schools, it could not eliminate them.
Ready4	Not fewer than 41 feet deep and 31 feet across, but it spanned a critical 48 miles of dense and treacherous Central American jungle, the Panama Canal linked the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, creating a vital passage for international maritime trade as well as significantly safer oceanic travel.
Ready4	In spite of the growing number of countries committing to limits on production of greenhouse gases and dumping of toxic chemicals, the decrease in atmospheric emissions and polluted bodies of water have not accelerated to a proportional degree.
Ready4	The Supreme Court has ruled that universities can negotiate their own television rights even with members of the NCAA, so long as these universities’ teams would not be allowed to play against non-NCAA teams.
Ready4	Researchers of the Antikythera mechanism claim the retrieval of this ancient Greek analog computer dating to circa 205–100 B.C.E. suggest their development of complex gear systems, the demonstration of meticulous workmanship, and achievement of remarkably exact and accurate calculations happened several centuries, almost a millennium, before a European device of similar complexity appeared.
Ready4	In 2006 Cameron Chibuike, a staunch advocate for increased cargo border control, testified in a Congressional hearing that, as a demonstration, an undercover investigator of his had successfully smuggled radioactive material into the United States, a feat supposedly impossible given cargo radiation detectors first introduced in 2005 and now installed in a majority of U.S. border checkpoints.