1． 概念：
独立主格是一种自带逻辑主语的短语，在句中位置比较灵活。
² The case was closed, criminals arrested and the treasure donated.
² Tony came into the house, his ears and nose red with cold.
2． 公式：一般形式
doing/done
(with) + N. (logic subject) { + prep
adj
3. 功能：修饰句子
4. 语义：补充句意（松散随意）
5. 练习：
独立主格判断对错
• A thick growth of sunflowers standing ten feet tall, their brown heads drooped over the fence with the weight of their seeds. . ×
• A thick growth of sunflowers stood ten feet tall, their brown heads drooping over the fence with the weight of their seeds. √
• 整体发出主要动作
• 局部发出次要动作
例题：
According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications, increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came from sales of the 9,850 prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised very little.
(A) heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came
(B) heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming
(C) heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming
(D) heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came
(E) heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming
解析：
According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications, increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came from sales of the 9,850 prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised very little.
(A) heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came 主谓不一致
(B) heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming 分号前后不平行；were what不简洁
(C) heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming
(D) heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came 缺谓语动词
(E) heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming 缺谓语动词
题目大意：
根据最近一项针对处方药消费者支出的研究显示，去年广告打的最多的50种药品的销售额增长也最大，几乎占去年药品支出208亿增长的一半，其余的来自9850种处方药的销售，这些药呢公司没有打广告或广告打的很少。
