This, That, These, Those

我们来看一个例子：

　　◆ The money spent by her parents is less than THAT spent by her children.

上面的例子中that spent by her children 意思是the money spent by her children，也就是说这两部分钱是不一样的，一部分钱是由父母花另一部分由小孩花。所以在使用it 和they 时，其所指代的东西是同样的：

　　◆ The money spent by her parents is more than IT was expected to be.

而that 和those 时必须对其所说明的词进行修饰以示区分。

　　◆ The money spent by her parents is less than THAT SPENT by her children.

　　◆ Her company is outperforming THAT OF her competitor.

有一点不同的是，GMAT要求使用that和those时其所指代的内容其数量必须是相同的，如果数量有变化则要使用原先的名词，例如：

　　◆ Wrong: Her company is outperforming THOSE OF her competitors.

　　◆ Right: Her company is outperforming THE COMPANIES OF her competitors.

最后，GMAT考试中使用it, they,或 them而不使用this、these、that 或者 those来替换名词，除非修饰that或those：

　　◆ Wrong: Her products are unusual; many consider THESE unique.

　　◆ Right: Her products are unusual; many consider THEM unique.