归纳题

归纳推理题，是对文章内容进行进一步的总结归纳或是深层推理。在把握文章信息的基础上，通过排除法，排除无关项，选出正确答案。

例. Increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the human bloodstream lower bloodstream-cholesterol levels by increasing the body’s capacity to rid itself of excess cholesterol. Levels of HDL in the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a program of regular exercise and weight reduction.
Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?
A. Individuals who are underweight do not run any risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
B. Individuals who do not exercise regularly have a high risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream late in life.
C. Exercise and weight reduction are the most effective methods of lowering bloodstream cholesterol levels in humans.
D. A program of regular exercise and weight reduction lowers cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of some individuals.
E. Only regular exercise is necessary to decrease cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of individuals of average weight.

文章翻译：增加人体血液当中HDL的含量可以通过提高人体排出胆固醇的能力而讲题人体内胆固醇的含量。血液当中HDL的含量可以通过运动和减重得到提高
文章解析：对文章叙述进行总结就是
运动&减肥>>HDL升高>>胆固醇下降
选项分析：
A. 不足重的人没有得高胆固醇的风险。Weight reduction不等于underweight。无关项。
B. 不经常锻炼的人有得高胆固醇的风险。锻炼会降低胆固醇，不代表不锻炼的人胆固醇一定会高。无关项。
C. 运动和减肥是最有效降低胆固醇的方法。Most意味着文章中应该会有多于三者的比较，但是文章中并没有出现三者以上的比较，所以无关项。
D. 经常锻炼和减肥会降低人体血液当中胆固醇的含量。正好是我们总结出来的关系。正确答案。
E. 经常锻炼是唯一可以降低人体胆固醇的方法。文中没有提到唯一性，无关项。

例1. 所有的人都去了。我是人。
公共信息：人
直接推结论：我去了。
例2. 被南非的蚊子叮咬之后，有可能换上疟疾。如果不用WDSCJ来治疗疟疾的话，就会引起严重的病发症。WDSCJ的价格很高，绝大多数的人都不用这样的药物来治疗。
下列的哪一项一定为真？
A. 绝大多数人会得严重的病发症；
B. WDSCJ能够加快并发症消失的过程；
C. 有些人被南非蚊子叮咬之后，有可能换上疟疾；
D. 绝大多数被南非蚊子叮咬之后，不可能有严重 的病发症状；
E. WDSCJ是十年来最有效的药物；

例3. To be mentally healthy, people must have self-respect. People can maintain self-respect only by continually earning the respect of others they esteem. They can earn this respect only by treating these others morally.
Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?
A. People who are mentally healthy will be treated morally by others.
B. People who are mentally healthy will have treated morally those they esteem.
C. People who are mentally healthy must have self-respect in order to be treated morally by others.
D. People can expect to be treated morally by others only if they esteem these others.
E. People who have self-respect seldom treat morally those esteem.

例4. Meteorite explosions in the Earth’s atmosphere as large as the one that destroyed forests in Siberia, with approximately the force of a twelve-megaton nuclear blast, occur about once a century. The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable.
Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn, if the statements above are true, about a highly automated nuclear-missile defense system controlled by a complex computer program?
A. Within a century after its construction, the system would react inappropriate and might accidentally start a nuclear war.
B. The system would be destroyed if an explosion of a large meteorite occurred in the Earth’s atmosphere.
C. It would be impossible for the system to distinguish the explosion of a large meteorite from the explosion of a nuclear weapon.
D. Whether the system would respond inappropriately to the explosion of a large meteorite would depend on the location of the blast.
E. It is not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteorite would be, if its designers did not plan for such a contingency.

例5. Rural households have more purchasing power than do urban or suburban households at the same income level, since some of the income urban and suburban households use for food and shelter can be used by rural households for other needs.
Which of the following inferences is best supported by the statement made above?
A. The average rural household includes more people than does the average urban or suburban household.
B. Rural households have lower food and housing costs than do either urban or suburban households.
C. Suburban households generally have more purchasing power than do either rural or urban households.
D. The median income of urban and suburban households is generally higher than that of rural households.
E. All three types of households spend more of their income on food and housing than on all other purchases combined.