说明：
本文是在国内GMAT考生中广为流传的PREP语法笔记整理而成。这些PREP题目，包括了老PREP和新PREP中的各2套共493道题目。我们把这些题目，按20道题目一组，创建了25个练习册，方便大家先做后看。
注意：此部分解析为非官方、非专业老师整理的解析。
41. (26601-!-item-!-188;#058&002718)
The budget for education reflects the administration's demand that the money is controlled by local
school districts, but it can only be spent on teachers, not on books, computers, or other materials or
activities.
(A) the money is controlled by local school districts, but it can only be spent
(B) the money be controlled by local school districts, but it allows them to spend the money only
(C) the money is to be controlled by local school districts, but allowing it only to be spent
(D) local school districts are in control of the money, but it allows them to spend the money only
(E) local school districts are to be in control of the money, but it can only spend it
考点:动词形式（Verb Form） 句子结构（Grammatical Construction） 指代一致（Agreement）
1) 在 require, demand 等表“建议,命令”意义的词之后的 that 从句,要求用虚拟语气动词,即动词原形,
不加 should
2) 用逗号将连词隔开,使得逗号前后两个句子变成独立的句子,每个句子都要有自己的主谓宾; 但是
do A, B, and C等并列句型中的最后一个连词除外
3) 并列句中:有2个或3个句子并列,第2个或第3个句子中的代词应该优先指代第1句中主语
(A) demand that句型,需要使用动词原型表达虚拟语气, is应该改为be
(B) 正确, but连接独立的句子，主语it指代budget.
(C) demand 跟的that从句谓语需要使用动词原形,第二个分句中没有自己的主谓结构
(D) 没有使用虚拟语气
(E) 没有使用虚拟语气; 后面的分句中第二个it似乎和第一个it指代一致,即budget,而从逻辑上应该指
代the money,指代不清.
句子结构: The budget…reflects…demand that the money be controlled…, but it allows them to…
42. (26647-!-item-!-188;#058&002738)
As a result of a supernova explosion, every human being on Earth was bombarded on February 23,
1987, by about 100 billion neutrinos; fortunately, neutrinos are harmless elementary particles that
are produced in nuclear reactions and that interact very weakly with matter.
(A) neutrinos are harmless elementary particles that are produced in nuclear reactions and that
(B) neutrinos, which are harmless, are elementary particles produced in nuclear reactions and
which
(C) neutrinos are harmless elementary particles produced in nuclear reactions and which
(D) these harmless elementary particles are produced in nuclear reactions, and neutrinos
(E) these elementary particles, harmless products of nuclear reactions, are neutrinos that
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）
1) 限定性定语从句表示的是局部概念: 例: I am checking up the models who are in black T-shirt. 表
明有很多模特,而我打量的是那些穿黑色圆领衫的模特.限定性定语从句区分了我打量的模特和其他的
模特.
2) 非限定定语从句表示的是整体的概念: 例: I am checking up the models, who are in black T-shirt.
表明这里有一群模特,这些模特共同的特点是她们都穿黑色圆领衫.
(A) 正确, 正确的使用了neutrinos are …. particles that… and that…结构,表达清晰
(B) 句子结构复杂;and which…定语从句没有并列对象，不能与前面which引导的插入语并列。
(C) and which…没有并列对象。
(D) these在这里没有明确指代; and后面的句子与前面不连贯。
(E) these没有明确指代;that限定性定语从句从语法上应该修饰紧临的名词neutrinos,而逻辑上应该修
饰particles,不符合原句意思.实际上所有的neutrinos interact very weakly with matter, 否则neutrinos
就不是harmless.
句子结构: …; neutrinos are…particles that…and that… 两个that限定性定语从句并列,共同修饰
particles.
补充说明:
该题读题的时候读到分号为止,没有发现划线部分,可以立刻忽略分句前半部分.
43. (26693-!-item-!-188;#058&002873)
A one-million-year-old skull bearing traits associated both with Homo erectus and, in addition,
Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, and indicates that modern humans
developed much earlier than previously thought.
(A) both with Homo erectus and, in addition, Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of
Eritrea, and indicates
(B) both with Homo erectus and Homo sapiens have been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, which
indicates
(C) with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of Eritrea,
indicating
(D) with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens and found in the Afar region of Eritrea, indicating
(E) with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens have been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, which
indicates
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 主谓一致（Agreement）
1)both…and…和in addition语意重复
2)and连接的前后对象一定要平行,and后面接了动词,and前面就一定会有一个动词与之对应
3）both… and… 连接并列名词作主语时，谓语动词应为复数。
(A) both…and结构不对称,应该改为both with… and with或者with both… and…结构; in addition跟
both…and…结构意思重复
(B) both…and结构不对称;主谓不一致,have应该改为has,因为主语是A one-million-year-old skull;
which indicates就近修饰Eritrea,导致逻辑意思错误.
(C) 正确, with both…and…结构对称;has和skull主谓一致;indicating作为伴随结构修饰主句,表现了
skull has been found的伴随结果
(D) and found结构没有平行对象
(E) 主谓不一致,have应该改为has; which就近指代Eritrea,导致逻辑错误.
句子结构: A … skull bearing traits associated with both A and B has been found…, indicating that…
补充说明:
实战中出现了which非限定性从句要警惕是不是有which就近指代的错误.这是GMAT语法题中很常见
的错误.看到的连词and要立刻反应到平行结构的考点,马上回看句子and前后是否平行.
44. (26787-!-item-!-188;#058&002971)
Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat
from the Earth's interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient
generation of electricity and heating factories and homes.
(A) and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and
heating
(B) and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently
and to heat
(C) for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to
heat
(D) to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for
heating
(E) to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1)表示目的时,to do结构比for结构更有效
2)有动词形式的时候尽量用动词形式,不要用动词的抽象名词形式
(A) have succeeded…and producing…前者是动词结构,后者是动名词结构不平行; enough for
efficient generation…and heating前者是名词结构后者是动名词结构不平行;generation属于动词的抽
象名词不如动名词generating好
(B) and producing错误同A选项;… scale for electricity…and to heat, for结构和to do结构破坏了平行,
要么都用for结构,要么都用to do结构
(C) for结构不如to do结构表达目的有效;enough for generating…and to heat, for结构和to do结构破
坏了平行
(D) 正确, 使用to produce表达目的;enough for generating…and for heating结构平行,且使用动名词
形式,比动词的抽象名词形式更佳有效的表达的动作的意味.
(E) heat跟produce平行,导致逻辑意思错误;generation不如generating好
句子结构: Scientists… have succeeded…in mining heat… to produce…, enough for generating…
and for heating…
补充说明:
看到选项中用 for doing 结构表示目的时可先跳过该选项,直接看用 to do 表示目的的选项.
45. (26929-!-item-!-188;#058&003015)
The application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel allows scientists to
examine molars of prehuman ancestors and determining that their diets were more varied than had
been supposed.
(A) The application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel allows scientists to
examine molars of prehuman ancestors and determining
(B) Through the application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, the
molars of prehuman ancestors were examined by scientists who determined
(C) When they applied a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, scientists
examined molars of prehuman ancestors, determining
(D) Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, the molars of prehuman
ancestors have been examined by scientists, who determined
(E) Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, scientists have examined
molars of prehuman ancestors and determined
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 指代一致（Agreement）
1) and连接的前后对象一定要平行
2) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语
(A) and determining没有平行对象。
(B) the molars作为through the application的逻辑主语,意思表达错误.应该是scientists through the
application而不是the molars through the application; who引导的非限定定语从句中their应该指代离
它最近的复数名词scientists,而从逻辑上their应该指代ancestors
(C) 原句中并没有表示时间关系,仅仅表示了scientist通过applying a new method…examined…and
determined…没有表示当他们apply new method的同时,examined…and determined…;此外代词一
般指代前面出现过的名词,因此they和scientists的位置调换一下更好.
(D) the molars作为applying的逻辑主语,意思表达错误;未划线部分的their似乎指代的是scientists,而
从逻辑上their应该指代的是prehuman ancestors.
(E) 正确;have examined…and determined…结构平行;未划线部分的their指代离它最近的复数名词
prehuman ancestors.
句子结构: Applying…, scientists have examined …and determined that…
补充说明:
实战中,碰到when从句要提高警惕,利用when从句来代替因果关系从句,或者无中生有的增加when从
句是GMAT考试中制造错误选项的常见手法,并通常带有迷惑性.
46. (26975-!-item-!-188;#058&003041)
The continental United States receives an average of 30 inches of precipitation a year; transpiration
from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the atmosphere, while the
balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow of streams and rivers.
(A) transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow
(B) even though transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to
the atmosphere, the remainder of 9 inches contribute to the flowing
(C) although transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, the balance of 9 inches contribute to the flowing
(D) with transpiration from soil and from plants to return approximately 21 inches to the atmosphere,
the rest of the 9 inches contributes to the flow
(E) as transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches contribute to the flow
考点:主谓一致（Agreement） 有效用词（Diction）
1) 动词能用单词本身表示名词形式的,就不要用the + -ing形式来表达名词形式
2) as的用法:as + n表示作为… , as + 主语+谓语表示动作之间进行比较
3) with 的用法:
with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语 作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型
词 例:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on
the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. with引导的独立主格作状语就
近修饰sleeping
(A) 正确,两个动词returns和contributes都与主语一致,并列用两个并列的句子清晰的表现了降水回归
自然的两种途径.
(B) 主谓不一致,the remainder应该用单数谓语形式,contribute应该改为contributes; flow本身就是名
词形式,不需要用the flowing来表现名词形式.
(C) 主谓不一致,return应该改为returns,同时contribute应该改为contributes; the flowing应该改为the
flow.
(D) 介词with后面不能跟不定式to do,并且将两个并列成分改变为主从成分,从而改变了原句的意思.
(E) as使用有误,句子本意并不是对两个动作进行比较,而是称述两个事实;主谓不一致:return和
contribute均要改为单数形式.
句子结构: 句子;transpiration…returns…, while the balance contributes to…
补充说明:
实在中碰到with结构要提高警惕,这是一个频率比较高的考点,并且常常有迷惑性.更多的情况下只能从
逻辑意思着手.
47. (27021-!-item-!-188;#058&003068)
1998 saw several new ventures promoting online distance learning both at the college and
graduate level, but also faculty members in large numbers began questioning whether the
computer screen was an adequate replacement for the classroom.
(A) 1998 saw several new ventures promoting online distance learning both at the college and
graduate level, but also faculty members in large numbers began
(B) In 1998 several new ventures were promoting online distance learning for both college-and for
graduate-level courses, but it was also a year for a large number of faculty members who began
(C) With several new ventures promoting online distance learning both for college and graduate
courses in 1998, it was also a year when a large number of faculty members had begun
(D) Although 1998 saw several new ventures promoting online distance learning for both college-
and graduate-level courses, it was also a year when a large number of faculty members began
(E) Several new ventures were promoting online distance learning in 1998, at both the college level
as well as the graduate, but it was also a year for faculty members to begin in large numbers
考点:平行对称（Parallelism） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) 结构的平行,句子意思的平行
2) 一般来说用复杂的介词短语来做修饰语不如定语从句表达有效.
3) both…and…习惯搭配, both…as well as表达错误
(A) both…and结构不平行,应该改为at both college and graduate level或both at college and at
graduate level; but also连接的前后两个句子从意思上无法平行.
(B) both…and结构不平行,应该改为for both college and graduate-level…或both for college and for
graduate-level…; but分句中,it只能指代1998,因此but分句中的重心是1998这个年份,而but前的分句:
In 1998 several new ventures were…句子重心在ventures,因此从意思上前后分句不平行; 用for + n
结构来修饰year,表达笨拙,不如when从句修饰year清晰.
(C) both…and结构不平行. 使用with结构改变了原句的逻辑关系,把两个并列成分变为了主从成
分;had begun使用过去完成时没有依据.
(D) 正确, 使用两个分句进行对比意思表达清晰;it指代1998,并且两个句子的重心都是1998,两个分句
意思上也平行;both…and…结构平行;when从句修饰year表达清晰.
(E) both…and…固定搭配使用错误;两个分句的重心不一致,导致意思不平行;for结构修饰year不如
when引导的定语从句修饰year表达清晰.
句子结构:Although 1998 saw…, it was also a year when…
48. (27067-!-item-!-188;#058&003096)
Whereas scientists, because of random fluctuations in the weather, cannot determine the transition
from one season to the next by monitoring temperatures on a daily basis, so they cannot determine
the onset of global warming by monitoring average annual temperatures.
(A) Whereas scientists
(B) Just as scientists
(C) Like scientists who
(D) Inasmuch as a scientist
(E) In the same way a scientist
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 比较（Comparison） 指代一致（Agreement）
1) just as A do, so B do比较结构的习惯搭配,译为:就如同A…B…
2) whereas表示转折关系, just as…so表示类似关系
3) 指代一致
(A) whereas表示转折意思,但从句子意思上看应该使相似关系; whereas… so不符合习惯用法,应该去
掉so
(B) 正确, 符合习惯搭配,逻辑意思合理
(C) like…so…不符合习惯搭配,应该去掉so
(D) 不符合习惯搭配,a scientist和后面的they无法对应
(E) 不符合习惯搭配；a scientist和后面的they无法对应
句子结构: Just as scientist,…, cannot determine…, so they cannot determine…
49. (27113-!-item-!-188;#058&003110)
The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease
four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars
and trucks this year.
(A) The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would
decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably
equipped cars and trucks this year.
(B) The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's cars and trucks
would decrease four-tenths of one percent, or about $72, from that of comparably equipped models
this year.
(C) The automobile company announced that there would be a decrease of four-tenths of one
percent in next year's models' average price, or about $72, below this year's comparably equipped
cars and trucks.
(D) Compared to comparably equipped models this year, the automobile company announced that
the average price of next year's cars and trucks would decrease about $72, less by four-tenths of
one percent.
(E) Contrasted with comparably equipped cars and trucks of this year, the automobile company
announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease about $72, or four-tenths
of one percent.
考点: 比较（Comparison） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）
1) 比较的双方一定要对等
3) 能用动词形式直接表达的,就不要用there +be +动词的名词形式表达
4) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语
(A) amounting to about $72作为伴随状语修饰前面主句,表现了decrease four-tenths of one percent
的伴随结果,使人觉得平均价格减掉0.4%以后价格变为了$72,而逻辑意思是减掉0.4%相当于72$;比
较双方不对应as compared with前面是average price后面是equipped cars.
(B) 正确, 句子结构合理;使用or about $72修饰0.4%没有歧意;用that代替average price比较双方对应
(C) there + be +名词形式不如直接用动词表达有效;比较双方不对应,前者是average price后者是
comparably equipped cars.
(D) the automobile company作为compared to的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑
(E) the automobile company作为contrasted with的逻辑注意,不符合逻辑
句子结构: …company announced that the average price… would decrease…, …, from that of…
50. (27159-!-item-!-188;#058&003134)
Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that
girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.
(A) are those that boys experience
(B) what boys experience
(C) boys' experience would
(D) boys' stress patterns do
(E) stress patterns of boys
考点: 比较（Comparison）
1) 比较双方要对应
平行对称（Parallelism）
2) 比较从句中与比较对象重复的名词通常用that或those代替，要注意逻辑意思及单复数形式。
(A) 正确, those指代前面出现的patterns of stress, that从句修饰those表达清晰;补出助动词are使句
子意思表达清晰无歧意; patterns of stress that girl experience和those that boys experience结构对
称.
(B) 比较对象不对应,比较的前者是patterns,后者是what boys experience.
(C) 比较对象不对应,比较的前者是patterns,后者是boy’s experience; would不能代替are,
(D) do应该改为are
(E) 意思表达不清patterns of boys表达太模糊.缺乏助动词are意思表达模糊,可以理解为,： …are
more likely to result in depression than result in stress patterns of boys；patterns of stress that girls
experience与stress patterns of boys表达方式上不平行。
句子结构: 句子, but results…indicate that the patterns…are more like… than are those….
补充说明:
对于比较结构中是否有必要补充助动词,应以是否会产生歧意为标准.如果不会产生歧意,则可以不补
出助动词,如果会产生歧意,一定要补出助动词.
51. (27205-!-item-!-188;#058&003142)
Gasoline marketing is undergoing major changes as stations often not only add convenience stores
but also combine with major fast-food chains to build complexes where customers can shop and
eat as well as buy gasoline.
(A) not only add convenience stores but also combine with major fast-food chains to build
(B) not only add convenience stores but also they combine with major fast-food chains to build
(C) are not only adding convenience stores but also in combination with major fast-food chains they
build
(D) add not only convenience stores, but also combining with major fast-food chains to build
(E) are not only adding convenience stores, but also in combining with major fast-food chains they
build
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) not only… but also结构要平行
(A) 正确,
(B) they破坏了not only… but also的平行结构,应该去掉
(C) not only…but also结构不平行；they build…与前面句子不连贯，句子结构错误。
(D) not only… but also结构不平行,应该改为add not only convenience stores but also combination…
或者not only add…but also combine…
(E) not only… but also结构不平行；they build…与前面句子不连贯，句子结构错误。
句子结构:…marketing is undergoing…as stations often not only add…but also combine with…to
build…
52. (27251-!-item-!-188;#058&003145)
In addition to her work on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to
archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly
documenting East African cave paintings.
(A) Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid
activity and painstakingly documenting
(B) Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid
activity and by painstakingly documenting
(C) Leakey was a contributor to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of
hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of
(D) Leakey's contributions to archaeology include her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of
hominid activity and her painstaking documentation of
(E) Leakey's contributions to archaeology include discovering the earliest direct evidence of
hominid activity and painstaking documentation of
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) and, but等连词出现的时候,一定要注意前后平行
(A) and前后不平行,前者是名词discovery,后者是动名词documenting；with用于此处意思不准确。
(B) and前后不平行,名词discovery和动名词documenting不平行
(C) 使用contributor改变了原句的意思,with意思太广泛,不如include表达意思精确
(D) 正确, and前后平行都是名词discovery, documentation
(E) and前后不平行,前者是动名词discovering,后者是名词documentation
句子结构: In addition to… ,Mary Leakey’s contributions… include her discovery of…and her
painstaking documentation of…
53. (27297-!-item-!-188;#058&003151)
Most vaccines are derived from weakened or killed strains of the same virus that they prevent,
unlike the derivation of smallpox vaccine from a different virus altogether.
(A) the derivation of smallpox vaccine from a different virus altogether
(B) smallpox vaccine, which is derived from a different virus altogether
(C) smallpox's vaccine, which gets derived from a different virus altogether
(D) when smallpox vaccine is derived from an altogether different virus
(E) the altogether different virus from which smallpox vaccine is derived
考点:比较（Comparison）
1) like, unlike后面加名词表示比较，比较对象需对等。
(A) 比较双方不对应,vaccines和the derivation不对应
(B) 正确,比较双方对应most vaccines和smallpox vaccine对比.
(C) smallpox’s vaccine表达错误,原文表达的意思是天花疫苗,而不是属于天花的疫苗.
(D) unlike when用法错误,unlike后面应该加名词表示比较
(E) 比较双方不对应,vaccines和different virus不对应
句子结构:Most vaccines are derived…, unlike smallpox vaccine, which…
54. (27343-!-item-!-188;#058&003156)
Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal usage they are taken in large quantities in order to
treat particular maladies.
(A) Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal usage they are taken
(B) Unlike spices that are used in cooking, in using spices for medicine, they are taken
(C) Unlike cooking with spices, taking spices for medicinal use is done
(D) In cooking, small quantities of spices are used, whereas in medicinal usage spices are taken
(E) In cooking, the usage of spices is in small quantities, whereas in medicinal usage they are taken
考点:比较（Comparison）
1) 标准书面语中,like后只加名词表比较
(A) unlike后面应该接名词
(B) in using短语既可以修饰前一个分句,又可以修饰后一个分句,造成修饰歧意.
(C) unlike后面应该接名词
(D) 正确, 用whereas表示对比关系前后句子在形式上不需要完全对等, 修饰成分紧靠修饰对象,避免
了修饰歧意
(E) the usage of spices is in small quantities表达笨拙;they指代不清,可能指代quantities或者spices.
句子结构:…, small quantities of…are used, whereas… spices are taken… in order to treat…
补充说明:
为了避免指代不清,修改的方法有三个:
1)重复代词指代的对象
2)用 such + n.或者指示代词 this/these/those + n.代替代词
3)用一个名词概括代词指代的对象
本题的正确选项中就是重复了代词指代的对象,从而避免了指代不清的问题
55. (27389-!-item-!-188;#058&003179)与79题相似 注意不同处are
Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow coastal waters,
which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in
scuba gear, whether they be archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver.
(A) than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes
them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be
(B) than in shallow coastal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and
are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
(C) as opposed to shallow waters along the coast, where archaeological remains are exposed to
turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including
(D) instead of in shallow waters along the coast, which exposes archaeological remains to
turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including an
(E) instead of shallow coastal waters, because it exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and
makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
考点: 比较（Comparison） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) 习惯用语 more…than…
2) 习惯用语 whether A, B, or C
(A) which指代waters导致逻辑意思错误,因为并不是水域把古迹暴露在外,而是古迹暴露在这个水域,
应该用where指代in shallow coastal waters; exposes和makes应该用复数形式which指代的是waters;
whether they be表达复杂,they没有指代对象，they be应该去掉.
(B) 正确, more…than符合习惯用法; where使用恰当; 用whether A, B, or C修饰anyone,修饰得当
(C) more…as opposed to语意重复，不应同时出现在比较句中; including使用不恰当,include表示为群
体中包含某些项,而这里anyone是个体,不能使用including.若将anyone改为everyone会更好
(D) more…instead of不符合习惯用法;使用which导致逻辑意思错误;including使用不恰当.
(E) more…instead of不符合习惯用法，缺少代词in容易产生歧义;it没有指代
句子结构: Shipwrecks are more likely…than in…, where archaeological remains are exposed to…
and are accessible to…, whethe A, B, or C.
56. (27435-!-item-!-188;#058&003186)
First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the
Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a
brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.
(A) found in the Philippines and that resembles
(B) found in the Philippines and that, resembling
(C) found in the Philippines and resembling
(D) that is found in the Philippines and it resembles
(E) that is found in the Philippines and that, resembling
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语
(A) animal found in…and that结构不平行
(B) and that没有平行的从句。
(C) 正确, animal found…and resembling两个分词修饰animal构成平行结构
(D) and连接的两个并列结构主语相同,后一个主语应该省略,去掉it.
(E) animal that is found…and that, resembling结构不平行，第二个that从句缺少谓语动词。
句子结构: First discovered.. Lina’s sunbird, a …animal found in… and resembling…, has…;句子
补充说明:
正确选项C中两个分词之所以一个用-ed形式,一个用-ing形式是因为found表示了被动态:animal is
found in the Philippines, 而resembling表示的主动语态:such animal resembles a hummingbird.（与
OG10-210题用法相同，可参考OG解释）
注意以下两个句子的区别:
1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而
第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句
子中的it不能省略.
57. (27481-!-item-!-188;#058&003189)
The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75
carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional
system of roads.
(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were
(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,
(C) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been
(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each
(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been
考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Structure） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 有效用词（Diction）
1) 一个完整的句子之中只能有一个谓语动词，两个谓语动词之间必须有连词进行连接
2) each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed 形式/-ing 形式。
例:Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of
ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square
frame.
(A) 划线的 were 作为谓语和划线部分之前的谓语 were 重复，应该去掉或者用连词 and 连接；
(B) 正确，of up to 600 rooms each 作为插入语修饰 structures，connected 分词跳过插入语修饰前
面最邻近的名词 structures.
(C) 将 with 改变成 of 后，介词的修饰对象发生改变；原句 with 结构修饰 built,而 of 结构修饰的是 scale;
将插入语变成句子一部分后，each 同位语修饰的对象也发生改变，变成了修饰最邻近的 rooms 而不
是 structures，rooms 被马路连接不符合题目原意和逻辑表达；each 同位语从句用过去完成时同样没
有必要性.
(D) 按 D 答案给出的句意，with each 和 on a spectacular scale 平行，但 each connected by 改变了
原文的句意，原文没有表达出每一个都被连接的意义
(E) 如果 each 做代词指代主语应该在 each 前面加上连词 and，E 答案中 each 后面是完整句子但没
有连词进行连接；had been 过去完成时没有必要性。
句子结构: The Anasazi settlements…were built on...structures,…,connected by…
58. (27527-!-item-!-188;#058&003203)
Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record
low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.
(A) Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary
Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record
low against the dollar, which forced
(B) Both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and the
growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country's currency, continuing its slide to a record
low against the dollar, which forced
(C) Both because it was weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the
International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a raise in inflation, the country's currency
continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
(D) The country's currency, weakened both by concern about the government's agreement with the
International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a
record low against the dollar, forcing
(E) The country's currency, weakened by both concern about the government's agreement with the
International Monetary Fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record
low against the dollar, which forced
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 有效用词（Diction）
1) which不能指代前面整个句子
2) both…and…结构一定要平行
(A) which不能指代句子；both…and 连接对象不平行，weaken by…与by…，应为weakened both by…
and by…
(B) Both concern about the government’s agreement…and the growing结构不平行,应该改为
concern both about the government’s agreement… and the growing; 整个句子缺乏主语; 该句用了
both…and连接的并列名词短语concern与the growing fears作主语，谓语为weakened，分词结构
continuing…修饰对象有歧义；which不能指代整个句子
(C) both because…and by结构不平行,可以改为both because…and because
(D) 正确, both by…and by…结构平行; 使用伴随状语结构forcing the central bank…正确的表现了
continued its slide…这个事件的伴随结果.
(E) which使用错误.
句子结构: …currency, weakened both by concern about…and by growing fears of…, continued…,
forcing…
59. (27573-!-item-!-188;#058&003208)
A new genetically engineered papaya was produced not by seed companies who have been
motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved
for commercial use, but university and United States Department of Agriculture researchers who
allowed growers to use it free of charge.
(A) produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with
most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but
(B) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, the case with most genetically modified
crops previously approved for commercial use, but
(C) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, as was the case with most genetically
modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by
(D) not produced by profit-motivated seed companies, which was the case with most genetically
modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but was produced by
(E) not produced by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, the case with most
genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) not…but结构要平行
2) which不能指代前面整个句子
3) as be the case比较结构。
(A) was produced not by… but university结构不平行; which使用错误,不能指代前面整个句子
(B) was produced not by… but university结构不平行; the case with…插入语表达模糊
(C) 正确, was produced not by… but by结构平行; as was the case…插入语中as指代前面整个句子,
as was the case表明后者是前面概述的一个情况,意思表达完整.
(D) was not produced by…, but was produced by结构不平行; which使用错误
(E) was not produced by…, but by结构不平行; the case with…插入语表达模糊
句子结构: A.. papaya was produced not by…,as was the case with…, but by…
补充说明:
读题的时候看到前面出现了not by立刻往后扫至到看到but为止,如果not…but结构不平行,则可以直接
跳过该选项,从而节省做题时间.
60. (27763-!-item-!-188;#058&003346)
Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed virtually every other immigrant group in the
increasingly diverse United States economy.
(A) Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed
(B) Mideast immigrants are exhibiting rates of entrepreneurship exceeding
(C) Immigrants from the Mideast exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of
(D) The rates of entrepreneurship in immigrants from the Mideast exceed
(E) The rates of Mideast immigrants' entrepreneurship exceeds those of
考点: 比较（Comparison） 主谓一致（Agreement） 有效用词（Diction）
1) 比较双方要对等
2) 在GMAT中,双重所有格,即 the rates of immigrants’ 表达错误, 应该改为the rates of immigrant或
者 immigrants’ rates
3) 对比对象中出现的重复名词用that或those代替,that代替前面出现的单数名词,those代替前面出现
的复数名词
(A) immigrants’ rates不能同other immigrant group相比.
(B) rates of entrepreneurship不能同other immigrant group相比
(C) 正确, 用those代替前面出现过的rates,比较双方对应
(D) the rates of entrepreneurship不能同other immigrant group相比
(E) 使用双重所有格,错误; 主谓不一致:主语是rates,谓语应该用exceed.
句子结构: Immigrants… exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of…
